I lifted my wet woollen gloves to my face and wiped the snowflakes from my eyes. I could not feel my nose and my ______ formed a thick fog in the air. The biting wind was making me ____ I was fed up! I didn’t want to be here. I wanted to go home. But Mum and Dad had ____ me to go for a Sunday afternoon walk in the park. I could see my ______ in the snowy path, like a trail of breadcrumbs(一串面包屑) in the forest showing me the way _______. I stopped and listened to my _______. I could ______ the wind crying like a homeless dog hungry for a delicious ______. The once-green tree _______， which used to wave gently in the breeze, had become bare, and the grass was covered with a ________ blanket of fresh snow. Then I saw a broken spider’s web shining golden beneath a pale sun. My breath was like silky soft _____ floating up into the freezing cold air.
Suddenly there was Mum，_______ handing me a big cup of hot chocolate. Her big smile immediately _______ my heart.
“Here you are, Jo. This will keep you _______，”she said as she placed a comforting arm around my shoulders and _______ her cheek against mine.
I slowly took a mouthful of the hot _______ and felt it slowly dripping down my throat like lava(熔岩) ______down a mountainside. My wet woollen gloves were now warm, not ____. My breath warmed, and I was _______fed up or cold. I was happy and ______.
1.A. sweat B. words C. tears D. breath
2.A. cold B. thirsty C. hungry D. tired
3.A. needed B. forbidden C. allowed D. forced
4.A. shadow B. image C. footprints D. shoes
5.A. up B. inside C. there D. home
6.A. whispers B. surrounding C. heartbeat D. mind
7.A. hear B. feel C. see D. smell
8.A. chocolate B. bone C. drink D. snowball
9.A. roots B. leaves C. trunks D. branches
10.A. white B. shabby C. plain D. colorful
11.A. ice B. smoke C. rain D. light
12.A. finally B. unwillingly C. gradually D. cheerfully
13.A. broke B. impressed C. melted D. stopped
14.A. calm B. alive C. awake D. warm
15.A. pressed B. felt C. dropped D. raised
16.A. soup B. meal C. liquid D. cup
17.A. jumping B. walking C. flowin D. squeezing
18.A. frozen B. abandoned C. damaged D. worn
19.A. either B. no longer C. no less D. sometimes
20.A. surprised B. warm-hearted C. determine D. contented
If youˈre like many Americans, youˈre probably not getting enough sleep. Constantly on the go, you may think you never have enough time to finish everything on your to-do list. But that doesnˈt mean you should shortchange your sleep—or your health, for that matter.
1. Then, follow these simple tips to help you get better sleep and wake up feeling refreshed every morning.
Sleep Fix #1 Give your bedroom a makeover.
Make your sleeping area conducive to rest by keeping it dark and quiet. 2. Keep in mind that your body temperature drops at night, so you want to keep your room environment at a cool, comfortable level.
Sleep Fix #2 Get enough sleep.
Most people need seven or eight hours to best function, says Nancy Collop, MD, director of the Emory Sleep Center in Atlanta and president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. “You donˈt want to be tired or sleepy during the day，” she says. If you need an alarm clock to wake up, find yourself chugging caffeine to stay awake, or you nod off during meetings, you may not be getting enough shut-eye.
Sleep Fix #3 Establish a regular routine.
Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. People who frequently switch their sleep times experience something similar to jet lag. Basner points to “Sunday night insomnia，” where weekend warriors stay up late on Friday and Saturday and then have trouble falling asleep on Sunday. 3.， he explains.
Sleep Fix #44.
Itˈs tempting to watch TV or surf the web from bed, but those activities usually make it harder to wind down. The latest research suggests that artificial light coming from laptop screens, TVs, etc. suppresses the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin(诱导睡眠的褪黑激素). So give yourself a technology curfew and turn off those screens at least an hour before bedtime.
Sleep Fix #5 Make bedtime a priority for the whole family.
5. Use rituals（仪式、惯例） that help children wind down like bath, brushing teeth, and story time. Be aware that your kids may try to push the bedtime limits. “Kids are pretty clever. Theyˈll try to manipulate(操纵) parents if they can and parents need to try to avoid giving in to that，” says Colon.
A. There are treatments available for cases of sleeplessness.
B. So start by making sleep a priority in your life.
C. If you live in a city, consider using a white-noise machine to block out loud noises.
D. Unexplained sleepiness is an important signal that you should talk to your doctor.
E. Just those 24-48 hours can shift your circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) and cause poor sleep.
F. Put away your gadgets.
G. School-age kids benefit from a regular bedtime routine.
Much of my work as a coach includes helping people make an important decision, such as “If Iˈm at a crossroads in my career, which path should I follow？” “If Iˈm considering offers, which one should I accept？”
Difficult decisions like these remind me of a comment made by Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems for years during a lecture while I was in a business school at Stanford. He was asked how he made decisions and responded, “Itˈs important to make good decisions. But I spend much less time and energy worrying about making the right decision and much more time and energy ensuring that any decision I make turns out right.”
In fact, before we make any decisions, particularly those difficult ones, weˈre anxious to focus on identifying the “best” option because of the risk of being “wrong”. But a side effect of that mindset(观念模式) is that we pay too much attention to the moment of choice and lose sight of everything that follows. Itˈs what happens next that finally determines whether a given decision was “right”．
Another aspect of this mindset is that our focus on making the “right” decision can easily lead to paralysis(麻痹), because the options weˈre choosing among are so difficult to rank in the first place. How can we definitively determine in advance what career path will be “the best”， or what job offer we should accept? Obviously, we canˈt.
Focusing on the effort after our decision not only helps us succeed, but also reminds us that we play a role in every outcome. Our control should be in our day-to-day activities rather than in our one-time decision.
1.What is the authorˈs job?
A. To teach people to choose good careers.
B. To tell people how to adapt to a new city.
C. To help people make a vital choice.
D. To advise people to ask for a high salary.
2.Which of the following about Scott McNealy is TRUE?
A. He tries his best to make his decision right in the end.
B. He never cares about whether his decision is good or not.
C. Making decisions is not very important for him.
D. He only focuses on the process rather than the outcome.
3.Most people feel anxious when making an important decision because they ________.
A. donˈt know what to do next
B. canˈt find a good coach to give them advice
C. worry about the undesired result it may bring about
D. have no idea of what to expect
4.What is the text mainly about?
A. Making the right decision is very important.
B. Stop worrying about making the right decision.
C. Believe in yourself and choose what you want.
D. Help others make the right decision.
Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view. According to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.
Ethos is a speakerˈs way of convincing people that she is an honest source. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you would be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing people that she is a good person who has their best interests at heart.
Pathos is a speakerˈs way of connecting with a listenerˈs emotions. For example, a speaker trying to convince people to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill them with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity organization that helps animals might show pictures of injured dogs and cats, intended to fill the viewers with pity. If they feel bad for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other information to make your argument more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have data to support your claims. For example, a commercial for soap might tell you that lab tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000 of the bacteria living on your hands right now. It is more convincing than simply saying “our soap is the best！”Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos.
Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when they are used together. The next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
1.When a speaker tries to move people to tears, the tool of persuasion used by him is ________.
A. ethos B. logos
C. pathos D. strengths
2.________ is used by the writer in developing the three tools of persuasion.
A. Argument-comparisons
B. Detail-example
C. General-detail
D. Argument-example
3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. A speaker can use misleading information to convince you to trust his argument.
B. A listener is likely to trust a speaker who uses evidence to support his argument.
C. Logos is believed to be a better tool of persuasion compared with that of ethos.
D. A person is more easily persuaded by facts than simple moving words said.
4.Doing persuasion, the author probably favors the most effective tool of ________.
A. a good combination of ethos, pathos and logos
B. pathos because people are emotionally persuaded
C. logos because use of logos can also increase ethos
D. ethos because it is a speakerˈs way of convincing people
Recently I went to the Tsavo National Park in northern Kenya for a film. We set off early for a distant water hole. A huge elephant, covered with dry mud, drank calmly and deeply. He might have traveled 50 km to reach the water. He wasnˈt going to hurry now. Heˈd drink a while and then rest in the shade, and then drink again—or so we thought. What actually happened was that he drank deeply and stepped away. Then he suddenly fell down. Within minutes he was dead.
We called animal doctor Jeremiah Poghon immediately. He removed the head of a poisoned arrow from the elephantˈs body, and let out over 100 litters of pus(脓)—the result of the elephantˈs meeting with a poacher(偷猎者) months before.
Todayˈs poacher shoots from a blind. He fires an arrow, covered with poison, into the body of an elephant. If the poacher is lucky, the elephant might die in an hour or two; if not, he might have to follow the elephant for days before it dies. Often the arrow head fails to kill the elephant at once—it doesnˈt mean the poison wonˈt finally kill the elephant, but it will be a slow death. Living in Tsavo through these times, I could see the results of poaching from time to time.
When I think about the death of that elephant, what stays with me is the extraordinary silence after the shocking sound of his body hitting the ground. I took some comfort from the knowledge that as the dead body returned to the soil, some animals would benefit—but I couldnˈt escape the feeling that with the death of such a large animal, the world seemed a poorer and emptier place.
1.While filming near the water hole, the author and his team ________.
A. knew the elephant was injured
B. found the elephant acted violently
C. thought the elephant was in good condition
D. tried their best to save the elephant
2.Further examination showed that the dead elephant ________.
A. had wounds all over it
B. had suffered a lot
C. had drunk some deadly water
D. had had a good fight with a poacher
3.Further examination showed that the dead elephant ________.
A. Embarrassed.
B. Funny
C. Relieved
D. Upset
4.Why did the author write the text?
A. To introduce African elephant.
B. To ask readers to protect wild animals.
C. To describe his filming experience.
D. To show the cruelty of poaching.
During the Second World War, I met a housewife from Chicago who told me how she discovered for herself that “the cure for worry is to get completely occupied by doing something constructive.” I met this woman and her husband in the dining car while I was traveling from New York to my farm in Missouri.
This couple told me that their son had joined the armed forces the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The woman told me that she had almost ruined her health through worrying over that only son. Where was he? Was he safe? Would he be wounded? Killed?
When I asked her how she overcame her worry, she replied：“I got busy.” She told me that at first she had dismissed her maid and tried to keep busy by doing all her housework herself. But that didnˈt help much. “The trouble was，” she said, “that I could do my housework almost mechanically. So I kept on worrying. Then I realized I needed some new kind of work that would keep me busy both mentally and physically. So I took a job as a saleswoman in a store.”
“That did it，” she said. “I immediately found myself involved in a lot of activities：customers crowding around me, asking for prices, sizes, colors. Never a second to think of anything except my immediate duty. And when night came, I could think of nothing except getting off my aching feet. As soon as I ate dinner, I fell into bed and instantly became unconscious. I had neither the time nor the energy to worry.”
1.Doing housework failed to work on the woman because ________.
A. it was too boring to do housework
B. she didnˈt like doing housework at all
C. there wasnˈt much housework to do
D. she didnˈt need to use her mind to do housework
2.Why did the woman take a job as a saleswoman?
A. She had to work to support her family.
B. She needed a more effective way to defeat her worry.
C. She wanted to make her life more colorful.
D. She enjoyed being surrounded by people.
3.After a dayˈs work as a saleswoman, the woman ________.
A. felt extremely tired
B. fell into unconsciousness because of worries
C. seemed quite disappointed
D. lost her appetite
