Question

    Researchers define self-control or self-discipline as“ability to control or change one’s inner responses”．1. However，some people think that as an immediate consequence of leading lives of constant self-control，they aren’t likely to gain a lot of pleasure from life．

2. To start，414 adults completed on online survey．In the survey，they rated the their self-control by indicating how much they agreed with 14 statements，such as“I indeed do certain things that are bad for me，if they are fun．”

In their study，205 adults were given smart phones and required to report their emotions at random moments throughout the week． 3. If so，they had to report how hard they tried to resist them，and whether they eventually ended up acting on them．

The researchers found that the more self-control people had，the more satisfied they were with their lives in the long run． 4.  In fact，such people’s increased happiness to a large extent accounted for the increased life satisfaction．

These researchers also figured out that people high in self-control are simply less likely to find themselves in situations where that’s even an issue．They don’t waste time fighting inner battles over whether or not to eat a second piece of cake．5. And that，it would seem，makes them happier……even if occasionally a little bit sad．

A．In a word，they are not bothered about such little desires．

B．Researchers checked these general ideas through a survey and study．

C．It is generally believed that in the long run self-control can make people happier．

D．Meanwhile，they were also asked to report whether they were experiencing any desires．

E．However，people with more self-control were also more likely to be happy in the short run．

F．But they are still uncertain why some people are more able to control their inner responses．

G．Most adults reported they failed to control their desire to play video games before an exam．

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.E

5.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，自律和自我控制是一种能力，研究人员通过调查研究发现自律会对人们的生活带来积极的影响。

1.本题的关键词是“however”。横线后一句“However，some people think that as an immediate consequence of leading lives of constant self-control, they aren’t likely to gain a lot of pleasure from life.”告诉我们人们认为过着自我控制的生活不可能让人们从生活里得到快乐。句中的however说明横线句的内容与本句内容相反，C项“It is generally believed that in the long run self-control can make people happier.”符合语境。故选C项。

2.本段主要讲述的是研究人员利用调查研究的方法查明真实情况。B项“Researchers checked these general ideas through a survey and study.”是本段内容的概括，本段其余内容是对他们所做的研究的具体说明。故B项正确。

3.横线前一句“In their study, 205 adults were given smart phones and required to report their emotions at random moments throughout the week”说明，在研究中，205位成年人被要求在随机的时刻报告他们这周的情绪情况。本句内容还是与研究相关的内容，D项“Meanwhile, they were also asked to report whether they were experiencing any desires.”也是研究的内容之一，符合上下文语境。故D项正确。

4.横线前一句“The researchers found that the more self-control people had, the more satisfied they were with their lives in the long run.”前一句告诉我们，长期来看人们越自律，他们对生活越满意。实际上短期来看自律的人对生活也会比较满意。E项“However，people with more self-control were also more likely to be happy in the short run.”符合语境，故选E项。

5.横线前一句“They don’t waste time fighting inner battles over whether or not to eat a second piece of cake”告诉我们自律的人不会浪费时间去考虑要不要再吃一块蛋糕。他们不会为这些小事烦恼。A项“In a word, they are not bothered about such little desires.”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。