Question

    Everyone should be so lucky as to have a friend like Francia Raisa. On Thursday, singer and actress Selena Gomez, 25, used Instagram to explain why she was “laying low” this summer. She posted a photo of herself in a hospital bed with her friend Francia Raisa holding hands. She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications(并发症) from lupus(狼疮), an autoimmune disease, which means it is the result of the immune system attacking normal tissue, including the kidneys, brain, heart and lungs.

People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a little bit of rash(皮疹) on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious. Many people see two or four doctors before the real problem is picked up. According to Dr. Kyriakos Kirou, roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant, sometimes because they weren’t treated with effective drugs to prevent the immune system from attacking the kidneys. Though Gomez said that she was “very well now,” she warned about the dangers of not taking medical diagnoses seriously, like she initially did.

Her Instagram post also called attention to two major health topics: the need for living organ donators and the fact that Gomez represents three groups more likely to be diagnosed with lupus and lupus-related kidney disease. Nine out of 10 people diagnosed with lupus are women, and most develop the disease between the ages of 15 to 44. And lupus is two to three times more common among women of color, including Hispanic women, according to the Lupus Foundation.

Raisa is Latina, and Gomez’s father is of Mexican origin. While it’s not essential that the organ donator and receiver be of the same ethnicity, people who share a similar background sometimes are better matched, according to data from the United Network for Organ Sharing.

1.What can we learn about Francia Raisa?

A. She is lucky.

B. She is selfless.

C. She is optimistic.

D. She is encouraging.

2.What is lupus like at its early stage?

A. It is deadly.

B. It is hard to recognize.

C. Its symptoms are psychological.

D. It reminds you of a kidney disease.

3.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. People with lupus.

B. Colored women lupus patients.

C. Lupus patients with kidney disease.

D. Women between the ages of 15 to 44.

4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A. Raisa and Gomez have a similar background.

B. Gomez has fully recovered thanks to the kidney from Raisa.

C. It is vital for the donator and receiver to be of the same race.

D. The organ from the donator of the same race matches the receiver better.

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.D

【解析】

本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲了红斑狼疮是一种在初期很难识别的疾病，并有一部分狼疮患者会发展成肾病，严重的需要进行肾移植。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段She said she recently received a kidney transplant from her best friend because of complications(并发症) from lupus(狼疮), an autoimmune disease, which means it is the result of the immune system attacking normal tissue, including the kidneys, brain, heart and lungs.可以推断出Francia Raisa很无私，因为Francia Raisa捐了一颗肾给Selina Gomez。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句People with lupus may first experience tiredness, joint pain or a little bit of rash(皮疹) on their bodies and can go for a long time before their doctors realize it is more serious.可以推断出，狼疮在初期很难被识别。故选B。

3.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段According to Dr. Kyriakos Kirou, roughly a third to one-half of people with lupus develop kidney disease, and up to one in five of them will eventually need a transplant, sometimes because they weren’t treated with effective drugs to prevent the immune system from attacking the kidneys.可知，them指代前句中people with lupus develop kidney disease患肾脏疾病狼疮患者。故选C。

4.段落大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述来自同一种族的供体器官会与接收者更好匹配。故选D。