Question

The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume（假定）that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behavior appropriately.

For example, one should always assume that there is a great possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.

William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think, or as he puts it “go to the balcony” when the situation gets tense（紧张的）. This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here? Is it possible that I misinterpreted what they said?

Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out—by repeating what one thinks he/she heard, one can confirm that he/she understands the communication accurately.

Often intermediaries（调解人）can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a “warm up” first will feel uncomfortable. An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate adjustments.

1.What is the most important thing in cross-cultural communication?

A. Knowledge of your own culture.

B. The ability to take in different opinions.

C. Awareness of the problems that may arise.

D. Successful efforts to change your behavior.

2.Which character helps prevent communication problems?

A. Patience.    B. Honesty.

C. Generosity.    D. Stubbornness.

3.What does William Ury mean by “go to the balcony”?

A. Go outside and enjoy fresh air.

B. Get out of the situation temporarily.

C. Exchange positions with each other.

D. Deal with the conflicts in a secret way.

4.To be an intermediary, one should ________.

A. be an experienced translator

B. know both cultures very well

C. be directly involved in a discussion

D. behave properly all through a discussion

Answer

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文，文章就跨文化交际中有可能出现的问题进行分析，并提出解决问题的建议。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems.可知，作者认为在跨文化交际中的关键是我们必须对可能出现的因文化不同而产生的沟通障碍有充分的认知。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.可知，在跨文化交流中一个人应该慢慢地仔细地做出反应，由此推知耐心有助于避免因文化差异而导致的沟通问题。故选A。

3.词义猜测题。根据第三段中的William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think, or as he puts it “go to the balcony” when the situation gets tense（紧张的）.可知，William Ury的建议是要停下来，倾听和思考。当局势紧张的时候要 “去阳台”，意思就是要冷静一下，暂时摆脱这种处境。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，调解人要会翻译双方的语言，还要能够确定恰当的时间，而做这一切的前提是他必须对双方的文化都有很好的了解。故选B。