How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918.But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others'lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn't mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of sodial concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me".
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children.Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 200.3 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
1.The underlined part "in a different family"(in Para. 1)means“____________________”。
A. in different families B. in a different family tradition
C. in different family crises D. in a different family environment
2.In terms of language development, later- borns ________________.
A. learn a lot from their elder siblings B. get their parents' individual guidance
C. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly
3.What was found about fights among siblings?
A. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.
D. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.
To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的). So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell(地狱 ) What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known farmer wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the "introduction of this wonderful new fruit--or is it a vegetable? ""As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit".
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of? "he shouted. "T"ll show you fools that these things - are good to eat! Then he bit into the tomato, Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
1.The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because__________.
A. it was religiously unacceptable B. it was the apple of Eden
C. it came from a forbidden land D. it made Christian evil
2.What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?
A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.
B. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.
C. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.
D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.
3.What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A. To make himself a hero.
B. To persuade people to buy products from his factor.
C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.
D. To remove people's fear of the tomato.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present the change of people' s attitudes to the tomato.
B. To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato.
C. To challenge people's fixed concepts of the tomato.
D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.
Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.
Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.
Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost off5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）, Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.
The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a"live scan" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.
Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness.It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.
Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an"energy force", She said: "Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”
Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.
1.The expression"tip the balance" in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.
B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.
C. help suspects to confess their crimes.
D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.
2.Which of the following colours should not be used in cells according to the passage?
A. Pink. B. Red.
C. Blue. D. Yellow.
3.Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing？
A. Royal blue lines. B. Scanning equipment.
C. Glass doors. D. Yellow frames.
4.The passage is mainly concerned with__________.
A. the relationship between colours and psychology.
B. a comparison of different functions of colours.
C. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison.
D. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals psychology.
Old Computers Make for Unhappy Workers
LONDON (Reuters)-----Dealing with the dissatisfaction of aging and unreliable office computers leads to workers,unhappiness and more sick -leave, a survey showed on Wednesday.
A survey carried out by carefree. net of over 2, 700 European office workers from the UK,France and Germany found that workplace dissatisfaction increased greatly with the age of the computer equipment.
“We do know that job satisfaction is falling in Britain and most advanced nations, "said Stephen White, a researcher from the Work Foundation. “The actual reasons for this are the subject of very heated discussion. It's certainly one interesting theory that technology may be the cause of this in some way,”White added.
A quarter of those using outdated computers in Britain said they were"quite" or " very dissatisfied"with their everyday job compared to 16 percent of those who had enjoyed an advantage from up-to-date technology.
The survey also said that among workers dealing with outdated equipment, there was a 35 percent greater probability they would take six or more days of sick-leave per year compared with the average worker. In France, where more workers use old computers, the probability jumped to 55 percent.
Results also showed that women in the three countries were more likely to be using outdated equipment. In the UK, where more workers have up-to-date computers than in the other countries surveyed, the number of women using old equipment doubled that of men.
White pointed out that there were two sides to this problem, saying that continuously having to deal with new technology and equipment cap also be a source of worry. "Old and faulty equipment is a major cause of office dissatisfaction. There is no question about it; but you also have to say that the frequent change of equipment is also, or could be, a main cause of dissatisfaction.”
1.The underlined word"this"(paragraph 3) refers to____________.
A. computer use in most jobs B. workplace dissatisfaction
C. the aging of office computers D. the survey by cared free. net
2.How many office workers using old computers in Britain expressed their dissatisfaction?
A. 16%. B. 35%.
C. 25%. D. 55%.
3.According to White, why were the women surveyed more likely to use old computers?
A. Most office workers use old computers.
B. They do some of their work with computers.
C. They are easier to be satisfied with new technology.
D. Dealing with new equipment can cause anxiety.
4.What is the subject of the news story?
A. Influence of technology in the workplace.
B. Research work of the Work Foundation.
C. Poor working conditions in offices.
D. Different attitudes to old computers.
2018年12月1日是都匀一中113岁的生日。为了使我们的新校园更加美好，作为学生会主席的你，根据下面的内容向全校学生写一份倡议书。
1. 做到“三节”:节电、节水、节约粮食；
2. 垃圾入桶不乱扔，保持寝室、教室、食堂及其他公共场所的卫生；
3. 遵守学校各项规章制度，不携带学校违禁物品如手机、刀具等进入校园。
注意:
1. 词数:100-120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:规章制度:rules and regulations； 违禁物品:forbidden objects
Dear friends，
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Thank you !
Student Union
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增删或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词;
删除:把多余的词用斜线(╲)划掉；
修改:在错的词下面画一条横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。
Some theme parks are not only amusing but also educational. Take the PCC in Hawaii as example. The PCC is setting in 42 acres of beautiful countryside where visitors can see seven different traditional Polynesian island village. Villagers from many island communities come to show visitors its styles of dress and different customs. You can learn how they make clothes from bark(树皮) and what they climb very tall trees with their bare feet. They also tell you about their social customs and showing you their cooking methods and their dances. Their most important skill is boat-building, that allows the islanders to explore all the islands around. We know that their history they were sea travellers moved from island to island. Now they use those boat-building skills to make long boats and show the races and battles that they took part in them long ago.
