People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
1.The discovery shows that Westerners .
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
2.What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers’ faces.
3.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study.
阅读下列短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Yours, Li Hua
“Stop the world, I want to get off!” This popular expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes people want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. Stress is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory(呼吸的) system. It can lead to asthma and cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause stomachaches and problems of digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks and feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health, our feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
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假定你是高三(3)班学生李华，就学校食堂的卫生情况想给校长 Mr. Smith 写一封信，反映以 下问题:
1. 食物不加盖;
2. 品种单一;
3. 服务态度差。
注意:1.词数 80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith，
I‟m Li Hua, a student from Class 3 Grade 12.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for taking the time to consider my requests.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three years ago, Brian Palmer, a 43-year-old native of Beaumont, California, was a homeless man struggling 1.(overcome) alcohol addiction. All he owned was a bag 2.(contain) some clothes, a blanket, and a pillow. He 3.(seek) assistance at a recovery center, the very large tent city in downtown LA. One activity that helped him through those days was singing. In 2015, he encountered the Urban Voices Project, a choir 4.(make) up of the local people. This led him 5.Street Symphony, a group of professional musicians mostly from the LA Philharmonic(交响乐团), 6.works with homeless, mentally ill and disabled populations. In February, Palmer began taking voice 7.(lesson) from Scott Graff, a member of the Street Symphony. Scott said, “I gave Palmer some tips on vocal technique, 8. he taught me life lessons. I got the 9.(good) end of the deal.”
“That was 10.(real) empowering,” Palmer told the audience afterward. Palmer explained what had been going through his mind as he sang. “An act of love,” he said, looking out at familiar faces in front of him. “One act of love, I know for sure, is listening.”
Once a couple lived in a village and loved their baby son very much. “We must have a pet," the farmer said one day. “When our son grows up, he will need a ______." His wife liked the idea.
One evening, the farmer brought back a tiny mongoose(猫鼬). In several ________the mongoose had grown to its full size ______the baby was still in the cradle, _____and crying alternately(交替地).
One day, the wife fed the baby and _____him to sleep in his little cradle. Picking up the basket, she said to her husband, “I‟m off to the _____. The baby is sleeping. Keep an eye on him. _____, I don‟t like to leave him alone with the mongoose."
“Don‟t worry”, said the farmer. “It is a _____animal and as sweet as our baby.”
The wife went away, and the farmer ______to take a look at his fields. He ______some friends on the way back and chatted for a while.
When the wife came back home with a ___of groceries, she saw the mongoose sitting outside. On seeing her it ran to _____her. She took one look at the mongoose and ______. “Blood!" she cried. The face and paws of the mongoose were with blood.
“You wicked animal have killed my baby!" she screamed hysterically(歇斯底里). She was blind with _____and with all her strength _____the heavy basket on the animal and ran inside to the baby‟s cradle.
The baby was fast ___. But on the floor lay a black snake _____. In a flash she _____what had happened. She ran out looking for the mongoose. “What have I done?" she cried touching the mongoose, who lay ______, unaware of her sobbing，and ______long at the dead mongoose.
1.A. instructor B. companion C. adviser D. conductor
2.A. months B. days C. years D. weeks
3.A. as B. however C. while D. although
4.A. playing B. singing C. drinking D. sleeping
5.A. rolled B. pulled C. rocked D. dragged
6.A. factory B. field C. market D. street
7.A. Consequently B. Frankly C. Generally D. Basically
8.A. friendly B. flexible C. responsible D. relaxing
9.A. decided B. forced C. managed D. encouraged
10.A. broke into B. hanged out with C. got away with D. ran into
11.A. bagful B. basketful C. boxful D. bottleful
12.A. cheer B. welcome C. hug D. kiss
13.A. explained B. checked C. implied D. screamed
14.A. fear B. worry C. pain D. anger
15.A. picked up B. put aside C. brought down D. pulled down
16.A. dead B. asleep C. awake D. alive
17.A. bleeding B. dancing C. shaking D. crawling
18.A. wondered B. admitted C. realized D. denied
19.A. quiet B. peaceful C. silently D. motionless
20.A. reflected B. stared C. recalled D. observed
The only thing better than a vacation is a well-planned vacation with friends. With careful preparation and good communication, you can ensure that your group will stay enthusiastic through the whole trip. 1.
Choose friends you get along well with. You‟ll be spending a lot of time with your travel companions, so think of people who have similar general travel habits and are flexible and relaxed. 2. Also consider whether a friend is an early riser or prefers to go to sleep late, and how high-maintenance they tend to be.
3.Ask your friends to be open about how much you‟re each willing to pay for the trip, between travel, accommodation, food and entertainment costs. You‟ll plan your travel schedule around these loose budget constraints(限制条件).
Plan transportation
Buy plane tickets early to avoid higher prices. Use public transportation if your group is small enough to keep together. Consider renting a car if you‟re traveling with small children or a larger group.
Choose a destination
4. Since you‟re traveling farther, it‟s best to go with a group that‟s small and easy to keep together, no more than three or four people. If you know your friends would rather lounge by the beach than go walking all over a city, a trip to a tropical destination might be the best choice.
Decide on daytime and nighttime activities
Research popular attractions in your destination and share them with your group. 5. This will allow everyone‟s voice to be heard and ensures that the planners don‟t have to make all the hard decisions.
Now, it‟s time to start getting ready to plan the trip.
A. Ask everyone to tell the planners one or two things they definitely want to do.
B. If you enjoy trips with lots of walking or hiking, consider whether your friends have the similar hobbies.
C. Choose a road trip for a small group that gets along well.
D. Discuss a budget early on.
E. It‟s fine to bring bigger luggage, but they‟ll have to carry all their own bags.
F. Choose your friends, destination and activities wisely and your group will enjoy a fun and memorable holiday.
G. If you want to experience a new culture, try booking a trip to a foreign country.
