Question

Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度).

In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia, which is a life-threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.

In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life-threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.

1.What keeps our body temperature stable?

A. Culture and technologies.

B. The stable earth temperature.

C. Our strong determination.

D. Some kind of in-body system.

2.What is a Swedish woman mentioned for in the text?

A. Proving the strength of life.

B. Arguing against some conclusion.

C. Showing the limit on humans’ body temperature.

D. Introducing an exceptional case about our body temperature.

3.Which of the following may cause hyperthermia?

A. Extreme climates.

B. Very cold climates.

C. Controllable infections.

D. Temperatures below 29.4°C.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Humans’ Temperature Regulating System

B. Changes of Body Temperatures

C. Humans’ Temperature

D. A Ice Trap Survivor

Answer

1. D

2. D

3. A

4. C

【解析】

本文是科普说明文。主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers.可知，某种体内系统让我们的体温保持稳定。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.可知，在气温降至13.9℃至15.6摄氏度之后，很少有人获救。接下来说这在1999年发生在一名瑞典妇女身上，因此推断一名瑞典妇女在文中被提到是为了介绍一个关于体温的特例。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia.可知，极端的气候可能引起体温升高。故选A。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度).可知，本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。由此可知文章最佳标题是“人类的温度”。故选C。