One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history. Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.
This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. Just as his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called "Germany's conscience", because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933-1945) that many would have rather forgotten.
This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir
Peeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen-SS, the Nazi (纳粹) Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less-than-perfect record himself.
Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.
His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.
1.In The Tin Drum, the hero ________.
A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the war
B. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expects
C. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playing
D. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred
2.What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean?
A. Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection.
B. Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes.
C. Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people.
D. Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is.
3.It can be inferred from the article that ________.
A. Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood life
B. critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of Germany
C. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspective
D. no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the article?
A. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.
B. To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work.
C. To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass.
D. To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer.
Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ________ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ________ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.
A new study further ________ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ________ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ______ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket(蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ______ explanation
One possibility is that an individual practices ______ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ______ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ______ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ______ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of ______ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ______. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ______ appeared to be true
Anthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ______ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ______ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”
1.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual
2.A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting
3.A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protests
4.A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident
5.A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual
6.A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official
7.A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance
8.A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining
9.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from
10.A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes
11.A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous
12.A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge
13.A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite
14.A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty
15.A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlessly
People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, 1. realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send2. (target) messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea 3. they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules 4. many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default(默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “5. (satisfying) experience.”
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, 6. involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?
So far the privacy issue 7. (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done 8. (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering 9. (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that 10. information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.
随着科技的发展，手机移动支付逐渐盛行，人们对此看法不一。下面是你班班会上以“手机移动 支付”为题进行讨论的情况。请你以李明的名义写一封信给 21st Century 报的编辑，说明该情况并表 明你自己的观点。
| 理由 |
60%学生赞同 | 1. 简单易操作，不需要携带现金或银行卡； 2. 大至商场小至路边摊都能使用，快捷方便； 3. ……。 |
40%学生不赞同 | 1. 存在安全问题，如个人信息泄露，资金盗用等； 2. 导致过度消费； 3. ……。 |
个人观点 | 1. ……； 2. ……。 |
（注意事项）
1. 文章需包括所有的要点，但不要逐条翻译；
2. 词数 150 词左右， 信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总字数；
4. 参考词汇：移动支付 mobile payment 摊贩 stallholder
（写作要求）
1. 不必写标题；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Dear editor,
With the development of science and technology, mobile payment is gaining popularity in China.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Ming
根据上下文及首字母提示填入适当的单词。
注意：每个空格只写 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
The Internet is a must for our daily life, but it has brought about some social problems. Some people s 1. to the opinion that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. For one thing, it provides a 2. information for us, ranging from weather forecast to academic research. For another thing, People employ the Internet to build interpersonal relationship. People from d 3. backgrounds can communicate with others globally.
However, others think otherwise. They make the a 4. ( 假定，假设) that the Internet has some drawbacks. There is too much information on the Internet that has not been e 5. for accuracy, which b 6. people to find correct and relevant information. Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it influences people’s private lives. People’s 7. ( 上 瘾 ) to the Internet damages their c 8. to live normal lives, thus leading to their w 9. from the outside world. However, they are supposed to limit the excessive use of the Internet and u 10. the responsibility of accompanying their family.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.
Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but also dismissed as immoral and disgusting.
As behavioral psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child- raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.
But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go without someone to speak to for five or six days. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness — they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.
While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate. Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy. “High-quality connections”, as one researcher calls them, are positive, short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic(移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers. We can't control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.
Passage outline |
Supporting details | |
The need to belong |
*Everyone hopes to develop a 1. of belonging in a group.
*People’s self-respect is 2. by other people's opinion. | |
The changing 3. to belonging
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*Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century 4. that people had the need to belong. *Experts later came to realize that people, 5. of their age, needed attachment to enjoy full and healthy lives. |
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Consequences of 6. close ties | *Many people are cut off from the world and feel 7.. *People who do not have enough close relationships find their lives are less 8.. | |
Another way to meet the need | *High-quality connections make a 9. in helping satisfy our need to belong. *We should 10. to make a high-quality connection. |
