Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits____, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡）are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
A. the government is usually the first to name a place
B. many places tend to have more than one name
C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named
D. people prefer the place names given by the government
2.What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.
3.Which of the following places is named after a person?
A. Raffles Place. B. Selector Airbase.
C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent.
4.Bras Basah Road is named _______.
A. after a person B. after a place C. after an activity D. by its shape
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.
B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.
C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.
D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.
The first time I remember noticing I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He 16 me with a puzzle ---- all because he waved to me like someone does 17 seeing a close friend. A big, 18 smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to 19 his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had 20 me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the 21 that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.
Then one day the 22 was solved. As I 23 the school he was standing in the middle of the road 24 his stop sign. I was in live behind four cars. 25 the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars 26. To the first he waved and 27 in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same 28 from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking（表情刻板的） businessman, gave a brief, almost 29 wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school 30 more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with 31. So far I haven’t seen anyone 32 to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a（n） 33 to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His 34 armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 35 of the whole neighbourhood.
16. A. hit B. disappointed C. presented D. bored
17. A. on B. from C. during D. about
18. A. false B. shy C. apologetic D. bright
19. A. research B. study C. recognize D. explore
20. A. praised B. blamed C. mistaken D. respected
21. A. conclusion B. description C. evaluation D. introduction
22. A. argument B. disagreement C. mystery D. task
23. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
24. A. drawing back B. putting on C. handing in D. holding out
25. A. Once B. Before C. Unless D. While
26. A. in B. through C. out D. down
27. A. cried B. cheered C. smiled D. gestured
28. A. idea B. reply C. notice D. greeting
29. A. awkward B. angry C. elegant D. patient
30. A. came B. responded C. hurried D. appeared
31. A. surprise B. frustration C. interest D. doubt
32. A. fail B. try C. wish D. bother
33. A. offer B. sacrifice C. promise D. difference
34. A. effectiveness B. cheerfulness C. carefulness D. seriousness
35. A. trends B. observations C. regulations D. feelings
---Sorry, I have no time to help you finish your task. I have a lot of work to do.
--- ________! You have been playing computer games all the morning.
A. I’m stuck B. Oh, don't mention it
C. So what D. Oh, come on
Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
---How foolish I was!
---____ you have realized that, stop blaming yourself.
A. Since B. Unless
C. Although D. Even if
So cruel is the man that he never shows any mercy to ___ is against his opinion.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. no matter who
