阅读下面的材料， 然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On a busy highway a serious traffic accident has just occurred. A motorcycle is lying on the road in flames. A badly damaged car is stopped near the motorcycle, and the fire is beginning to spread to the car. The motorcycle driver is stuck under the car He might already be dead, but not for sure. The fire is spreading toward him. What are you going to do?
The passers-by who were very brave took immediate action and they rushed in to help. The fire was moving closer. A few people tried to lift the car, but hardly moved it. Luckily, by their joint efforts, they finally lifted the 3,000-pound burning vehicle up onto two wheels while another person pulled the young driver out.
The young man survived, with only broken bones to show for his brush with death. He has one other thing: a thankful heart. He knows that there were angels out there saving his life as the people came together and risked their lives to save him.
（写作内容）
1.以约30个词概括短文的内容要点:
2.用 120词以 “Unity is power” 为题发表自己的看法， 包括如下内容要点:
(1)上文车祸中的年轻摩托车司机得救的原因；
(2)这个故事给你的启示；
(3)讲述一件你亲身经历的或者听说的“团结就是力量”的事件。
（写作要求）
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事， 也可以参照阅读材料的内容， 但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
（评分标准）
内容完整， 语言规范， 语篇连贯， 词数适当。
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。
Attachment is not just a connection between two people; it's a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress(悲伤) during separation from that person.
According to psychologist John Bowilby, there are four critical characteristics of attachment. The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them. Attachments also create a safe shelter, meaning that during times of distress, fear, or uncertainty, we may seek out the people we're attached to for care and comfort. Next, attachment figures also offer a secure base for exploration. This is particularly important during childhood. This secure base allows kids to explore the world while they know they can still return to the safety of the attachment figure. Finally, we experience separation distress when parted from an attachment figure. For example, kids tend to become upset when parents have to leave them in the care of others.
Attachment serves a number of important purposes. For instance, it helps keep babies and children close to their caregivers so that they can avoid potential dangers, which in turn helps boost their chances of survival. However, if a child doesn't form a secure attachment to a caregiver, he or she will suffer from a number of problems including conduct disorder and oppositional -defiant (对立反抗的) disorder. Researchers also suggest that the type of attachment displayed early in life can have a lasting effect on later adult relationships.
Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted an experiment on social isolation in monkeys. Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and placed with surrogate mothers (代母). One mother was simply a wire armature (电枢) that held a bottle, while the other mother was covered with a soft terry cloth material. Harlow found that the baby monkeys would receive food from the wire mother, but preferred to spend most of their time with the soft mother. When compared to monkeys that had been raised by their birth mothers, the monkeys raised by surrogate mothers were shyer and more nervous and suffered from social and emotional problems.
All in all, developing secure and healthy attachments early in life is very important. Such attachments play a vital role in our future development.
Attachment | |
Introduction to attachment | Attachment means that you feel so connected to someone else 1.that often want to contact him or her and you may feel distressed in the 2.of the person. |
Characteristics of attachment | ·We enjoy the 3. of those we’re attached to, so we always take any chance we get to be with them. ·We may tum to attachment figures when experiencing negative emotions. ·Attachment figures are always 4.and serve as powerful supporters when children 5.their surroundings. ·Any 6.from an attachment figure is an invitation to distress. |
Importance of attachment | ·Attachment makes children seek 7. from their caregivers, thus enabling them to survive. ·8.to form a secure attachment with a caregiver leads to a series of problems in children. ·Childhood attachment influences later adult relationships. |
An experiment | In a study, with their early attachments 9.baby monkeys are likely to suffer mentally,10.and emotionally. |
Conclusion | We should form secure and healthy attachments while young, because they will have important impacts on our future development. |
The phone ID flashed，“Emergency Vet”.“Oh no”I whispered. I could not lose Merlin now.
Ron and I had tried to have children for a long time with depressing results. I threw myself into my work. Any maternal feelings I had were spent on Merlin.
I couldn’t wait to get home from work each night. I wanted to pick up that warm bundle of loving fur and nestle him. I wanted to sing “Rock-a-bye Merlin”，as I did every night as he would put his paws around my neck.
Merlin was my comfort especially at times when I wondered if God was listening. But last night something had changed. Not only did I sing “Rock-a-Bye M1erlin”,but I asked, you 're gone？”
Although Merlin was 19 years old, a senior in the· age of a cat, he didn’t look or act that way. I didn’t want to accept the fact that he was nearing the end of his lifetime. My job at the law firm was so demanding and stressful that I couldn’t imagine getting through the day without Merlin waiting to greet me at home.
I dialed the vet’s number. I asked for my husband but he already left. Then I took a breath and asked the question that no one wants to ask，“Is my Merlin still alive？”The nurse said“yes.”
Ron came home and said that Merlin had almost no red blood cells left. White blood cells were replacing them. Merlin would need expensive transfusions most likely on a monthly basis. We both knew Merlin was running out of time. I asked Ron to drive me to the vet so I could say goodbye to my little boy cat but he was beat tired and it was late. Ron said if Merlin was still alive he next morning then he would take me to the vet.
The next morning I called the vet. Merlin had survived the night. After driving to the vet, I went into the examining room. The nurse brought Merlin and placed him on an examining table on his side. His eyes were tightly shut. I thought he died already. I carefully edged my hand to reach his body. His body felt warm, but when I spoke his name there was no response. No response to his name or that I was there and that I loved him. I was extremely sad. In that examining room I felt helpless. I wondered how many people in an examining room felt as helpless as I did. Feeling driven to prayer I yelled, “God this isn’t good enough. I need to see my Merlin the way I remember him, I need a miracle and I need it now！”
At that moment, God granted a miracle. Merlin's favorite compliment entered my mind. I said, “Merlin, you are beautiful and you are gorgeous, do you hear me？”
One eye opened.
I said “Gotcha”. I kept repeating those words.
Merlin opened the other eye and, one limb at a time, got up. He was waiting for that phrase. He wanted to hear that he was beautiful and gorgeous again.
Then I experienced another miracle.
There was no sound in that examining room until Merlin started walking to me. From out of nowhere, or maybe from heaven, I clearly heard a song we sung in church often: “It Is Well With My Soul.” I remember叫thinking，“Yes, it is well with my soul. I got to see my little boy cat one more time.”
Merlin walked to me. He put his face in mine, which he had never done before. He rubbed a circle around my face twice. Merlin said goodbye with his face and marked me for life.
Ron appeared shocked that Merlin was up and had walked to me. I said to Merlin，“Tell God you are a good boy and how much we love you”and then handed him back to the nurse.
Tears of gratitude poured forth in memory of a miracle. You see for nineteen years God spoke to me through a special cat named granted a miracle. That miracle gave me time to say goodbye.
1.Ron’s wife couldn’t lose Merlin because .
A. Merlin was her adopted child for nineteen years
B. she failed to give birth to her own biological child
C. Merlin could supply her with comfort and warmth
D. she would sing her usual song to no one later in life
2.What did writer think of Merlin?
①comfortable ②demanding ③long life ④full of devotion ⑤lovely ⑥religious
A. ①②⑥ B. ①②③ C. ④⑤⑥ D. ③④⑤
3.What does The next morning I called the vet.” in Paragraph 8 imply?
A. The writer was so hopeless as to ask a favor of the vet.
B. Ron did not care about Merlin so that the writer called the vet.
C. Ron would accompany her wife to the vet lo live up to his promise
D. The writer turned to the vet because Merlin was in desperate condition.
4.When Merlin reached the examining room, .
A. he shut his eyes lightly and was obviously dead
B. his body felt warm because the writer rubbed him hard
C. the writer felt helpless to have no timely surgical operation
D. the writer chanted prayers to him trying to waking him up
5.We can infer from the passage that .
A. God will not disappoint us if we are devoted to our loved ones
B. we have to have faith in the church to get miracles in future life
C. couples should have a child or something to fill in their free time
D. doctors may not always be reliable when our loved ones need their help
6.Which of the following can be the proper title?
A. A Dying Cat B. The Miracle Granted
C. God Accompanying Us D. Gratitude Out Of Miracle
Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other hand, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when wβfinally clean up our act.
If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn’t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?
To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have collected a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around.
The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great.
The effects of some bad habits-smoking, in particular-can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed.
“Any time you improve your behavior and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on.”says Dr. Jeffey Koplan.“Maybe not right away. It’s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance.”
But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research: ---A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month. ---The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline ... Adopting healthy habits won’t cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases-from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers-can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.
Not sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn’t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you’ve adopted a new way of life.
1.Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that .
A. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habits
B. they can force themselves to clean up the had habits later
C. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside
D. they can never change the habits that have developed for decades
2.The evidence against the assumption that we are indestructible .
A. is seldom apparent B. is clearly shown in the mirror
C. is still a question D. will appear obvious sooner or later
3.According to the recent announcements .
A. women should eat as much fish as possible
B. men don’t have to eat as much fish as women
C. eating a little more fish can improve women’s health
D. women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men
4.It is implied in the passage that .
A. the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers
B. chronic diseases can be cured ifwe drop our habit of smoking
C. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers
D. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking
When David Edwards founded the oPhone, he hoped scent (嗅觉的) messages would become the next big thing in the digitization of our online lives.
The device looked like a high-tech cruet set (调味瓶)， and allowed a friend with an iPhone app to send you scent messages alongside photos. Send a picture of your dinner, tag it with four different tones, and whoever is on the receiving end can sniff it from the vase-like tubes of the oPhone.
The oPhone didn’t take off, and the company has now shifted focus to a “scent speaker” called the Cyrano, which similarly uses a range of scent capsules to emit “play lists” of smells.
Compared to our real world interactions, our online lives are lacking in scent. Our digital culture, so soaked in visual and aural stimuli, is odorless (没有气味的). So why didn’t his marriage of smell and picture messaging excite more interest?
From a technical point of view, smell is simply harder to mass communicate than sounds and pictures. “There are two main technological obstacles to making smell transmissible by digital means,” explains biophysicist and author of Perfumes: The A -Z guide, Dr Luca Turin.
“First, there are no odor ‘primaries’like RGB or CMYK. Second, it has proved impossible to stimulate the olfactory epithelium (上皮组织) directly by any means tried so far. This means that it is currently impossible to induce a sensation of smell without there being an actual chemical in the inhaled air (吸入的空气).”
“The more we’re plugged into the virtual world, the more we deeply appreciate thecontrast-moments in our human, experience，” says designer and olfactory artist Mindy Yang.
“Intuitively, we realize that we are starved of certain sensations. With the rise of digital culture, society has become more interested in the missing sense-c-what we smell.”
This interest in scent isn’t only happening within the worlds of perfume and fashion. Over the past few years a number of cultural projects have set out to focus on the power of sensory experiences, from the use of a smell map, to the Tate Sensorium, which in 2015 let users experience visual art alongside smells, tastes and sounds.
Whether it’s devices like the oPhone that仕y to introduce scent into digital messaging, organizations are growingly aware of our culture’s desire for sensory experiences. In a time of virtual reality and scentless social networks, it’s perhaps no wonder that we as a culture have such a desire for something that instinctively feels real and authentic-even if it was made in a lab.
1.What can we learn about the oPhone?
A. The oPhone has defended our interest in what we smell.
B. The oPhone hasn’t caught on yet since it was founded.
C. The oPhone has swapped visual and aural stimuli for scent.
D. The oPhone is a vase tube to sniff specific messages from.
2.What makes it challenging to introduce scent into digital messaging?
A. The relevant tissue is impossible to stimulate directly.
B. Scent capsules should be applied to send out smells.
C. There exists no actual chemical in the inhaled air.
D. Sounds and pictures are easier to mass communicate.
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To promote the oPhone which can send scent messages.
B. To reveal the problems of the invention of the oPhone.
C. To predict the trend of the digitization of our online lives.
D. To introduce the oPhone based on smell-digital-technology.
Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi-Fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group-study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分)， you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fuit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
1.The library ’s upper floor is mainly for students to .
A. have group discussions B. take comfortable seats
C. read in a quiet place D. get their computers fixed
2.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?
A. A group must consist of 8 people.
B. One should first register at the university.
C. Three-hour use per day is the minimum.
D. Applicants must mark the room on the map.
