短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。
My soccer coach retired in last week．I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party．My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help．Mum taught me some basic step of baking．I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well．My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up．
At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”
My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
It’s important for us to have good health. It can enable us to enjoy our life and achieve 1.we hope for in our career and 2. the contrary, poor health leads to nothing, 3. if we want to keep good health, we must do the following.
Firstly, it is very important for us to have some fruit and vegetables 4.they can provide vitamins, and we have to keep a5. (balance) diet. We should avoid eating food6. high sugar and fat. Secondly, we’d better do some exercises every day 7. (make) our body strong and also we have to avoid too much work 8. (press). Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits 9.damage our health, such as drinking and smoking.
In 10. (conclude), if we stick to the advice given above and keep a good mood, we will keep in good health.
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The _________ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ________ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we ________ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to ________ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ________ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and ________.
Another cause is our ________ of disposable (一次性的) products. As ________ people, we are always looking for ________ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ___________ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also _______ to the problem. We are ________ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ________ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ________ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the ________ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To _______ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ________, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ________, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ________ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ________. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1.A. key B. reason C. problem D. project
2.A. gifts B. products C. debt D. rubbish
3.A. become B. face C. observe D. change
4.A. hide B. replace C. control D. withdraw
5.A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
6.A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful
7.A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division
8.A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy
9.A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends
10.A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve
11.A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes
12.A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for
13.A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger
14.A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away
15.A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences
16.A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
17.A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands
18.A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
19.A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of
20.A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising
Are you simply moving through your day without fully living? I think many of us have done this. Everyone wants to fully live every day. 1. So I’ve decided to share with you some ways to help you enjoy every moment.
Sit in the morning. When you wake up, in the quiet of the morning, sit on the floor. I often use this opportunity to stretch (伸展).2.I also just sit, and focus on my breathing going in and out.
3. I like to take breaks from work, and go outside for a slow walk. Pay attention to your breathing, to everything around you, to the sounds and light of objects.
Read in silence. Find a quiet time, and a quiet place, and read a good novel. Have no television or computers on nearby. And just put yourself in the world of the novel. It might seem difficult to let your mind move from the present into the time of the novel, but it’s a great practice in focus. 4.
5. Each day, find someone you care about and be grateful for his existence. If you want, you can tell that person how thankful you are to him.
A. Walk slowly.
B. Work with focus.
C. Look at someone in a grateful way.
D. But this is easier said than done.
E. I feel every muscle in my body.
F. It’s a way of building something good into your life.
G. Also, I love a good novel more than almost anything else.
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian爷s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
1.What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Countries where their people need help. B. Governments ruled with absolute power.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Powerful states with higher civilization
2.People believing in freedom are those who __________.
A. behave within the laws and value systems B. seek gains as their primary object
C. regard their life as their own business D. treat others with kindness and pity
3.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
4.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Athens would continue to be free.
B. Athens would cease to have freedom.
C. Freedom would come from responsibility.
D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
5.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A. The author is proud of man’s capacity. B. The author is cautious about self-government.
C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D. The author is hopeful about freedom.
6.What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
1.People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A. internal needs B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. academic requirements
2.What can we learn from the Florida study?
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B. Strategy training is a must in research.
C. Volunteers should get mentally prepared
D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice..
3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Role identity as a volunteer.
C. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. D. Practical advice from researchers.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
