阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。
How Bad Are Energy Drinks for Children?
What Are Energy Drinks?
There is no clear definition of what makes an energy drink, but it is usually taken that anything non alcoholic with more than 150mg of caffeine per litre is an energy drink. The first of its kind was Lucozade, which was launched in 1927. It was promoted as helping the sick to get better by regaining lost energy. Now there are lots of energy drinks on the market, all claiming to help boost energy levels and aid our performance.
What’s in Energy Drinks?
We’ve mentioned the caffeine but energy drinks also contain water and sugar. Some also contain alts and amino acids.
What Are the Health Concerns?
The concerns focus on the two main ingredients (成分) of energy drinks, caffeine and sugar. Too much caffeine for children can in the short term cause headaches and raise blood pressure although it is important to mention that caffeine may not harm children in the long term. However, the short term issues do really worry teachers as caffeine can lead to an inability to sleep, which then affects a child’s ability to focus and concentrate in class. In fact the maximum recommended (推荐) intake of caffeine for children is 2.5mg for every kilogram a child weighs, so if a child drinks energy drinks. it would be very easy to go over this dose.
Too much sugar can also cause health problems including obesity, tooth decay and in the long run Type 2 diabetes. So as with caffeine, if children are drinking energy drinks and consuming sugar in foods and other drinks, then it would be easy to go over the daily sugar allowance for a child. The thing to be aware of is what is called free sugars. Free sugars are those sugars which are added to foods or drinks, not the natural sugar found in fruits and vegetables. The amount of free sugar that a child should have is 19 grams per day for those aged 4-6 and 24 grams for those aged 7-10. So again it is easy to see that if children are drinking energy drinks over and above sugar that will be present in food they eat, it would be easy to go over the recommended amount of sugar each day.
Selling Energy Drinks to Children
There are currently voluntary bans for shops not to sell energy drinks to children under 16, but there are calls to make this illegal. Some schools have already banned children from bringing these drinks into school.
1.What do energy drinks claim to do? (不多于9个词)
2.Why are teachers worried about too much caffeine in energy drinks?
3.What is the recommended amount of free sugar for an8-year- -old child? (不多于2个词)
What Is Social Media?
Not many people ask the question “what is social media?” anymore. Social media has been around for years now, and most of us would probably describe it as any Internet medium that can be used to share information with others, including blogs, forums, applications, games, websites and other stuff.
But let me ask you this: what exactly is so “social” about sitting before a computer setting up a blog and blogging for days without anybody reading it, or scrolling through your Facebook feed of information from 500 friends you barely know? If you ask me, it can be way more anti-social than anything.
Social media is not a “thing”. It’s not just Facebook, WeChat and Weibo It’s more of a frame of mind and a state of being. It’s about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life. However, we tend to rely on technology and social media so much that it can actually tear apart those relationships.
Social media isn’t about numbers. When someone says “social media,” web giants like Facebook, Twitter, WeChat and Weibo instantly pop into our minds, often because they have more updates, more friends, more followers, more links, more photos, more everything. We tend to get distracted by the number game, thinking “volume, volume, volume”. It’s led to a lot of meaningless noise and information overload. As the old saying goes, quality over quantity is usually the way to go. So, social media is not just about lots of people aimlessly pushing around lots of information.
Social media needs to have an “IRL” factor-an Internet slang standing for “In Real Life”. It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn’t be an end in itself. It was built to enhance your actual social life, in real life. Take for example an event that a person attends because they are invited by the host on Facebook through a Facebook event page. Something like that definitely has the IRL factor. Likewise, a WeChat photo that touches someone so much that they feel the need to bring it up and describe it to someone else during a dinner date also has the IRL factor.
So, is it really considered to be social to spend an hour scrolling through photos on Weibo, with no thoughtful or emotional effect and no interaction with others? In fact, there is no wall between real life and Internet life where true social media exists. Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It’s all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be.
1.What does the underlined phrase “tear apart” in Paragraph 3 mean in the text?
A. Destroy. B. Change.
C. Continue. D. Strengthen.
2.The writer thinks that social media should be ________.
A. a number of websites where people communicate
B. a set of social tools like Facebook. WeChat and Weibo
C. a collection of online applications where ideas are exchanged
D. a group name for online platforms used to strengthen meaningful relationships
3.According to the author, which of the following cases has an IRL factor?
A. Updating Facebook on a regular basis.
B. Following new friends in real life on Facebook.
C. Visiting a museum with friends after reading a story on Weibo.
D. Reading Twitter to see what other people are doing and thinking about.
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A. To explain the importance of social media.
B. To inform the negative effects of social media.
C. To call on readers to use social media to promote real social life.
D. To encourage readers to interact with others in real life more often.
According to Gallup’s annual Global Emotions report, people all over the world are more stressed than ever before. Nearly 40 percent of adults from 146 countries reported having experienced worry or stress. And it isn’t just adults experiencing these high stress levels; experts have also observed a rise in the number of children and youth. According to another study published in EurekAlert, one in five students are so stressed that they’ve considered self-harm or suicide. The immense stress they face has been proven to be harmful to their health.
It’s no news that stress can trigger anxiety, depression and self-harming behaviors, and cause sleep problems, social withdrawal, angry outbursts and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. We are moving towards a society where an increasing number of us face mental health problems that stem from high stress levels. If stress increases rapidly, how can we fight it?
It might sound easier said than done but studies have shown that the best way to deal with stress is to change your perception(认识) of it.
The University of Wisconsin conducted a study of 30,000 Americans. Researchers asked them how much stress they’d experienced in the past year and whether they believed stress was harming their health. The researchers concluded that people in the study who were exposed to large amounts of stress and viewed stress as harmful had 43 percent higher risk of dying than people who viewed stress as a helpful response.
More interestingly, those with more positive perceptions of stress had the lowest risk of death out of all involved in the study, even lower than those experiencing very little stress.
A separate study conducted by researchers from King’s College London and the University of Marburg showed students with more negative beliefs about stress experienced more physical symptoms, such as headaches, tension and tiredness during a stressful end-of-semester exam period, compared with students who had more positive beliefs about stress.
These two studies have proven that stress itself is not actually bad. It is the belief that stress is bad that is bad.
1.According to the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. more and more people suffer from higher stress levels
B. one in five adults in America has considered self-harm
C. 30,000 children have experienced stress in the past year
D. youth are more likely to believe stress is helpful than adults
2.The research by the University of Wisconsin concludes ________.
A. stress generally benefits us
B. stress leads to a higher risk of death
C. people under stress often perform better
D. optimism cuts the risk of stress-related death
3.The separate study in Paragraph 6 is mentioned to ________.
A. put forward a new idea B. support the above findings
C. compare different findings D. argue against the above point
4.What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Stress Affects People of All Ages
B. We Are Winning the Battle against Stress
C. Stress Damages Your Health if You Think So
D. Negative Beliefs about Stress Cause Tension
Retired judge Davison hated all the quiet. Evy, his wife of 66 ears, had passed away, and he was lonely and sad in the months after her death. But he knew how to beat those feelings; he decided to build a pool.
Davison contacted a family-run company in Hopkins, Minnesota, that had built a pool for his previous house 40 years ago. “They did such a great job before and were still in business, so they came out and planned it,” Davison said.
Kevin, who works on new pools for the company, helped Davison with everything, from initial planning and completing contracts back in March to teaching him how to filter the water once the pool was finish in July.
“If You build it, they will come,” he thought. He invited all the neighborhood kids over to swim. Now it’s not so quiet anymore.
He hears the sounds of laughter and splashing as he sits on a chair in the shade, watching happy children play in his backyard.
“I knew they’d come.” 94-yvear-old Davison told KARE-TV.
Neighbor Jessica thought the judge was joking when he talked about putting in a pool until she saw the work starting. Now she and her four kids have been regulars since the pool was finished in July.
“It’s him spreading joy throughout our neighborhood for these kids.” Jessica said.
Davison’s pool includes a diving board and reaches nine feet in the deep end under the board. It’s especially welcome in a town that doesn’t have a public outdoor pool.
Although Davison has three adult children, he doesn’t have any grandchildren.
Jessica says she’s told him, “You kind of adopted our whole neighborhood of kids. These are your grandkids.”
The judge’s rules require that a parent or grandparent stay while the children are swimming. Once the kids leave. he likes to swim, too.
Davison tells KARE-TV that he realizes that putting in the pool didn’t make a lot of financial (经济的) sense for an old man. But that didn’t matter to him.
“I’m not sitting by myself looking at the walls.” he says. “What else would you think of doing where you could have a whole bunch of kids over every afternoon?” The 94-year-old judge now hears laughter all day as he watches children splash in his backyard pool.
1.Why did Davison build a swimming pool?
A. To remember his dead wife. B. To earn some money for a living.
C. To fight against his loneliness. D. To please the kids in the neighborhood.
2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The neighborhood children. B. His three adult children.
C. Reporters from KARE-TV. D. The workers who built the pool.
3.What rules do children have to follow while swimming in the judge’s pool?
A. They shall wear life jackets. B. They shall be in company with the adults.
C. They shall receive some training. D. They shall get their parents’ permission.
4.What can we learn from the story?
A. Action speaks louder than words.
B. True success comes from spiritual riches.
C. The value of life lies in respect and love.
D. One’s search for happiness brings others great joy.
Sharing Hope with Refugees(难民)
The night before she had a test at school, eight-year-old Trisha Rao was worried. To give herself ______ , she wrote a poem about believing in herself. Her words gave her courage, and she ______ the test.
One day while listening to the news with her father, Trisha learned about the war in Syria. Conditions in the country were tough, and many people were leaving for safer regions. “I was ______ that they lost their homes and some of them lost their family,” Trisha said. “They didn’t have enough money to buy lunch even.”
It made Trisha think. If the poem she had written the night before her test had given her ______ , maybe it could do the same for the refugee children.
Trisha worked on her poem and turned it into a book called Believe in Yourself. It’s the story of a puppy named sunshine and his father, Papa Dog. The dogs travel around the jungle. From fellow animals, they learn ______ about persistence, teamwork, loyalty, hard work, courage, and kindness.
Trisha illustrated (加插图) the book, too. With the help of her mother and a family friend, she ______ the book in English and Arabic.
For a family vacation, Trisha asked ______ she and her family could go to Turkey. Many Syrian children who lost their homes in the war were living there now, and Trisha wanted to _______ their spirits up.
Her family got in touch with Support to Life, an agency that provides emergency relief after a disaster. ______ the group’s assistance, Trisha was able to meet refugee children and read her book to them.
For every book she sells, Trisha gives away a free copy of Believe in Yourself to children around the world. Her purpose is simple but ______ : “I hope it will give them hope and that they will learn many lessons from the book and believe in themselves.”
1.A. praise B. awards C. cheers D. confidence
2.A. took B. passed C. prepared D. experienced
3.A. sad B. angry C. scared D. disappointed
4.A. joy B. surprise C. hope D. pride
5.A. skills B. lessons C. stories D. tricks
6.A. read B. shared C. reviewed D. published
7.A. how B. when C. why D. whether
8.A. keep B. look C. wake D. call
9.A. By B. For C. With D. Against
10.A. creative B. powerful C. satisfying D. clear
根据提示在空自处填入适当的词汇或用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1.Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ________ (fill) in the application form for a new job.
2.—Have you told Julia about the new?
—Oh. no, I forgot. I ________ (call) her right away.
3.In the last few years, China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
4.Penny ________ (review) her lessons when her mother came back from work.
5.All the people ________ (impress)by the singer’s brilliant performance last night.
6.Kofi Annan was a wise man ________ had taught the world many lessons in life. (定语从句)
7.________ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (状语从句)
8.Olympic athletes train hard ________ they can get good grades at the final competition. (状语从句)
9.If I ________ you, I would do it in my own way. (虚拟语气)
10.I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I ________ (be)on a business trip in New York then.
