Question

When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she________ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __________ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ________ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain.________, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to ________ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to ________ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.

Memory can be ________ affected by a number of things.________ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent ________ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it ________ to register information in the brain.

When people talk about memory, they often________short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.________, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __________information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.

Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ________. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not ________ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.

1.A. collects    B. processes    C. publishes    D. absorbs

2.A. necessary    B. important    C. difficult    D. convenient

3.A. figure out    B. take out    C. put out    D. give out

4.A. After all    B. Instead    C. By contrast    D. Besides

5.A. recall    B. refresh    C. describe    D. decrease

6.A. lose    B. organize    C. identify    D. strengthen

7.A. positively    B. negatively    C. actively    D. directly

8.A. Poor    B. Adequate    C. Special    D. Various

9.A. benefit    B. offence    C. effect    D. damage

10.A. easier    B. more impressive    C. harder    D. more convenient

11.A. refer to    B. apply for    C. come across    D. break down

12.A. Furthermore    B. However    C. Consequently    D. Otherwise

13.A. leaks    B. transmits    C. checks    D. stores

14.A. in the middle    B. at the end    C. in the beginning    D. ahead of time

15.A. restore    B. record    C. replace    D. respond

Answer

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. A

12. B

13. D

14. C

15. B

【解析】

这是一篇科普类阅读。文章主要讲了什么是记忆力以及造成记忆力差的原因。

1.考查动词辨析。句意：当说一个人有很好的记忆力时，到底是什么意思？是说这个人可以很快地回忆起某件事情还是能很快的吸收信息？A. collects收集； B. processes处理；C. publishes出版；D. absorbs吸收，故选D。

2.考查形容词辨析。句意：事实是很难说清楚到底记忆力是什么。A. necessary必要的；B. important重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. convenient方便的，故选C。

3.考查动词短语辨析。句意：甚至连研究了几十年记忆力的科学家们也说他们还在努力去解决记忆力到底是什么。A. figure out解决；B. take out取出；C. put out熄灭；D. give out分发，故选A。

4.考查副词辨析。句意：我们知道的是特定的记忆不仅仅是储存在大脑的某个地方，而是由存在整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的。A. After all毕竟； B. Instead代替；C. By contrast相比之下；D. Besides此外，故选B。

5.考查动词辨析。句意：或许描述记忆力最好的方式是说它是一个过程，一个记录，储存和找回信息的过程。A. recall回忆；B. refresh更新；C. describe描述；D. decrease减少，故选C。

6.考查动词辨析。句意：练习和重复可以帮助加强组成记忆的信息碎片。A. lose失去；B. organize 组织；C. identify识别；D. strengthen加强，故选D。

7.考查副词辨析。句意：记忆力可能会受很多事情的消极影响。A. positively肯定地；B. negatively消极地；C. actively积极地；D. directly直接地，故选B。

8.考查形容词辨析。句意：缺乏营养会影响一个人储存信息的能力。A. Poor贫穷的；B. Adequate充足的；C. Special特别的；D. Various各种各样的，故选A。

9.考查名词辨析。句意：过度饮酒也会弱化记忆力，长期下来回造成永久性的大脑损伤。A. benefit利益；B. offence犯罪；C. effect影响；D. damage损害，故选D。

10.考查形容词辨析。句意：视觉或听力问题会影响注意某些特定事情的能力，这样也使信息在大脑中的储存更加困难。A. easier更容易；B. more impressive印象更深刻；C. harder更难的； D. more convenient更方便，故选C。

11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们提到记忆时，往往指的是短期记忆和长期记忆。A. refer to提到；B. apply for申请；C. come across偶然遇到；D. break down发生故障，故选A。

12.考查副词辨析。句意：然而，你不需要在电话簿里找你最好朋友的电话号码，因为你已经知道了。下文与上文之间表示转折，对比，所以用however。 A. Furthermore此外；B. However然而；C. Consequently因此；D. Otherwise否则，故选B。

13.考查动词辨析。句意：电话号码是你的长期记忆，长期记忆就是多年来你已经了解的事情。A. leaks泄漏；B. transmits传播；C. checks检查；D. stores存储，故选D。

14.考查固定短语辨析。句意：为什么有时会遗忘呢？遗忘主要是因为一开始就没有学好。A. in the middle在中间；B. at the end最后；C. in the beginning开始；D. ahead of time提前，故选C。

15.考查词辨析。restore恢复，修复；record记录；replace代替；respond反应。如果你遇到一些人，马上就忘记了他们的名字，那是因为你在听到他们名字的前几秒钟根本就没有记下来。