People from Britain and Ireland first came to live in Australia in 1788. They brought different dialects （方言）of English with them. These different kinds of English began to mix and change. The newcomers soon began to speak with their own typical accent（口音） and vocabulary. More and more people came to Australia during the Gold Rush in the 19th and 20th centuries. Some came from Britain and Ireland； others came from non-English speaking countries. Australian English continued to grow and change.
Australian English has also been influenced by American English. During the Second World War, there were many American soldiers staying in Australia. More importantly, American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s.
Australians use many words that other English speakers do not use. The famous Australian greeting, for example, is G'day! A native forest is called the bush and central Australia is called the outback. Many words were brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland. For example, mate means "friend",and it is still used in Britain. Some of these words have changed in meaning. Some words have come from Australian original languages, many of which are names for animals, plants and places, like dingo and kangaroo.
Australian spelling comes from British spelling. In words like organise and realise, -ise is the expected and taught spelling method. In words like colour, favourite, -our is the normal, but nouns such as the Labor Party and Victor Harbor are spelled with -or. Program, on the other hand, is more common than programme.
There are also differences in the definition （定义）of words Australians use in different parts of the country. For example, football means "rugby" in New South Wales and Queensland, but "Australian rules football" in everywhere else in Australia. In New South Wales, a swimming costume is called a cossie or swimmers, while in Queensland it is called togs and bathers in Victoria.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is spoken only by Australians？ ______
A. Mate. B. Outback.
C. Program. D. Rugby.
2.What can we conclude from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The same word might have different meanings in different parts of Australia.
B. There arc different expressions about sports in Australia.
C. Australian rules football is the most popular sport in Australia.
D. Australians are fond of sports and games.
3.What might be the best title for the text？ ______
A. The History of Australia.
B. The Development of Australian English.
C. The Birth of Australian English.
D. Different Kinds of English Across the World.
How Important Is Fashion？ Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable？ Many people seem to think so， judging by the things they wear． But fashion is not everything． It is more important to be a healthy and good person．
People go to great lengths to be fashionable． Some people think they have to have a certain body type， so they go on extreme， unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies． In addition， many women wear uncomfortable fashions， such as high-heeled shoes that create blisters（水泡）， tight body shapers that limit blood flow， and sticky false eyelashes． Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair． Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror． Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like？
If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good， it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable． Fashion should not come first． People should prioritize（优先考虑）being healthy and positive． What people wear does not indicate anything about their personalities． Instead of spending hours choosing a suit， perhaps you should call your friends and do something together! Instead of going on strict diets and starving， why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise？ By doing these things， you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person．
1.The author's main purpose in writing the text is to ______ ．
A. show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting
B. persuade readers to value health more than fashion
C. amuse readers with a story about a fashion-school student
D. tell readers of the latest fashion styles
2.Which statement best represents the author's viewpoint？ ______
A. People need to diet to lose weight．
B. When you look good， you feel good．
C. Fashion increases famous people's self-respect
D. Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things．
3.Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend？ ______
A. Going skating with friends．
B. Shopping for bargain clothes．
C. Starting a new diet with a friend．
D. Changing the hairstyle every week．
Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your partner, friend, sibling （兄弟姐妹） or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.
Scientific consensus suggests that intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a partial role up to this age. After this point, IQ scores become steady（稳定的）. But James Flynn, professor of political studies and psychology at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can "upgrade" their own intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation（刺激）from others is important as the "brain seems to be rather like a muscle - the more you use it, the stronger it gets". However, the opposite is also true - so people sharing a home or workplace with those who are intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result.
Professor Flynn analyzed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ "age tables". He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equally bright brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn also concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means that people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten points or more. He suggested the best way to improve IQ levels is to mix with bright friends, find an intellectually challenging job and marry someone cleverer.
1.According to the text, it is commonly believed that ______ .
A. people' s IQ level falls as they age
B. it is wise to share family members' views
C. people cannot improve their intelligence during adulthood
D. doing something challenging is good for one's intelligence
2.The underlined word "nosedive" in paragraph 2 probably means ______ .
A. vary B. develop
C. change D. fall
3.Which of the following can help improve one's intelligence according to Professor Flynn？ ______
A. Making many friends.
B. Staying with smart people.
C. Doing exercise every day.
D. Learning from brothers or sisters
4.The purpose of the text is to ______ .
A. inform B. advertise
C. entertain D. persuade
手机的盛行让很多人都成了低头一族，而不少中学生周末也沉浸在埋头玩手机之中，假如你是学生会的主席李华，打算倡议大家加入“周末或假期不当低头族(phubber)”活动，现请你写一封倡议信，在倡议信中请提出有效建议。要点如下：
1．成为低头族的危害(提出3条左右)；
2．周末不做低头族，可以进行哪些活动，请给出建议(提出3条左右)。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends，
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Andrew，
How nice to hear from you again! I think it is natural for you not to get used to live there. Here, I have some suggestion for you.
First of all, you should respect the local customs but try to involve yourself in the natives' lives. Secondly, don't be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with us. Friendship will bring you happiness. What's more, it was better for you to join more outdoor activities with your friends. Those activities may help you relax and have a fun, that is of great benefit. Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and honesty when getting along with your friends.
I sincere hope my advice will help. May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
In a used furniture business, unlike new, you cannot order stock from a catalogue. People call in, and you have to go out and make an offer. “You can't ______ what you don't have，” my father would say.
When I was aged thirteen, my father ______ his store manager, a one－armed guy who could do more with his one arm than many will do with two. With his ______ gone, my father came to me. “Will you come in while I go out to ______ the day's calls ______ I find the right person？” he asked. The store has tens of thousands of ______. “People like to bargain，” he told me. “So I don't ______ prices. You just have to know a ______．”
He took me around and said, “A quarter－horse motor you can sell for four dollars. For a refrigerator, depending on the______，you can sell for thirty－five dollars to sixty dollars. However, if it has a freezer all the way across, sell it for eighty dollars; ______ excellent condition, maybe one hundred dollars. Dishes come in with a houseful of furniture, and I don't even figure them in when I give a price. You can sell them for a nickel to a quarter. Something really nice.”
Every day after ______，I would pedal(骑自行车) down to the store. Soon after, I was writing up a sales slip(纸条) for an attractive plate when my father walked in. I had asked a dollar and the guy did not hesitate. I was very ______. My father glanced down at what I was doing, ______ the customer and said, “You sure got a______ today. My employee gave you the price and that's the price.” Afterward, I asked my father, “What was that all______？”
It turned out that it was a(n) ______ plate, worth a few hundred dollars. I was shocked. Here I was ______ to help my father in the business and instead I was losing money for him.
He said, “I could have stopped the sales if I'd wanted to. You were just writing up the slip and hadn't yet taken the money. ______， by civil law, you're ______ age. But，a man stands by his word and the word of his agent.” It ______ my father a small amount of money, but I learned a lifelong lesson in integrity(正直)．
1.A. buy B. sell C. order D. store
2.A. missed B. fired C. dismissed D. lost
3.A. manager B. boss C. servant D. salesman
4.A. ask B. return C. answer D. give
5.A. if B. when C. until D. unless
6.A. items B. materials C. facilities D. instruments
7.A. offer B. decide C. mark D. create
8.A. name B. range C. variety D. catalogue
9.A. price B. situation C. condition D. quantity
10.A. on B. for C. by D. in
11.A. school B. work C. study D. play
12.A. upset B. worried C. embarrassed D. pleased
13.A. turned on B. turned to C. turned up D. turned down
14.A. plate B. reward C. bargain D. fortune
15.A. about B. for C. around D. to
16.A. ordinary B. fragile C. antique D. delicate
17.A. willing B. waiting C. managing D. trying
18.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Consequently
19.A. under B. above C. at D. of
20.A. spent B. cost C. took D. wasted
