Question

    What happens inside the head of a soccer player who  repeatedly heads a soccer  ball  That question motivated a study of the brains of experienced players．

Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults ， men and women． All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and  now competed year﹣round  in adult soccer leagues． Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year ， as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions  in the past．

Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned， using a complex new  M．R．I． technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can 't be seen during most scans．

According to the data they presented ， the researchers found that the  players who had headed the ball more than about 1 ， 100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory ， attention and the processing of visual information ， compared with players who had headed the ball less．

This pattern of white matter loss is " similar to those seen in traumatic brain injury" ，like that after a serious concussion， the researchers reported ，even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion．

The players who had headed the ball about 1 ， 100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at remembering lists of words read to them ， forgetting the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less．

1.What type of writing is the texts　   　．

A. A medicine guide．

B. A book review．

C. A research report．

D. A sports advertisement．

2.What do we know about the volunteers　   　．

A. They had serious injury on the head．

B. They were adults who still played soccer．

C. They were all researchers about soccer．

D. They all had children who played soccer．

3.What was used to find the structural changes in the brains　   　．

A. Advanced computers．

B. A new technique M．R．I．

C. Special questionnaires．

D. Learning skills．

4.We can infer from the passage that　   　．

A. heading the ball is so harmful that it should be banned

B. heading the ball has advantages and disvantages as well

C. players heading the ball more than 1 ，100 times may suffer poor eyesight

D. heading the ball may influence the functioning of player's brain

Answer

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. D

【解析】

本文关于用头顶足球对青少年大脑的影响的科普文章。作者简要描述了一些研究数据分析结果，得出结论，一年用头顶球超过 1100 次以上会对大脑结构有影响。

1.推理判断题。本文关于顶足球对青少年大脑的影响的科普文章，作者简要描述了一些研究数据分析结果，得出结论，一年顶球超过 1100 次以上会对大脑结构有影响，可知文章是有关科普方面的研究报告。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year﹣round in adult soccer leagues所有的志愿者都从童年起就开始踢足球，现在全年都在成人足球联赛中比赛．可知他们都是成年人，还在踢足球。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned， using a complex new M． R． I． technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can 't be seen during most scans．然后，队员们完成了对他们的记忆和其他学习技能的计算机化测试，用一种复杂的新手段扫描了他们的大脑，可知使用了M．R．I新技术。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 The players who had headed the ball about 1, 100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at remembering lists of words read to them ， forgetting the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.在过去一年里，那些头球得分约1, 100次或以上的球员通常也更不会记住给他们读的单词清单，比那些头球得分更低的球员更容易忘记这些单词，可知头球可能影响球员大脑的功能。故选D。