One day， we were hiking in the Oakland woods when my daughter noticed plastic litter in a stream． She looked at me and said， "Daddy That doesn't go there． "
What she said brought me back to a summer camp． On the morning of a visiting day， right before they let our anxious parents come running through the gates， our camp director would say，"Quick! Everyone， pick up five pieces of litter． You get a couple hundred kids each picking up five pieces， and pretty soon， you've got a much cleaner camp．
So I thought， why not use that crowdsourced tidying model to the entire planet？ And that was the inspiration （灵魂）for Litterati． The goal is to create a litter﹣free world． Let me show you how it started． I took a picture of a cigarette using Instagram． Then I took another photo……and another photo．
And I started telling people what I was doing， and they started to join． We were becoming a community（共同体）that was collecting photos． Each photo tells a story． It tells us who picked up what and when． So I built a Google map， showing where pieces were being picked up． And gradually， the community grew and the Literati grew．
If you really want to create change， there's no better place to start than with our kids．
A group of fifth graders picked up 1， 247pieces of litter just on their schoolyard． And they learned that the most common type of litter was the plastic straw wrappers（包装纸）from their own dining hall． So these kids went to their headmaster and asked， "Why are we still buying straws？"And they stopped． And they learned that separately they could each make a difference but together they created an influence．
It doesn't matter if you're a student or a scientist， whether you live in Honolulu or Hanoi this is a community for everyone．
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Cleaning up a place as a team．
B. Camping with family members．
C. Picking up litter while traveling．
D. Stopping littering wherever one goes．
2.The Literati realizes its dream of creating a litter﹣free world by ．
A. downloading a Google map
B. telling stories to generous people
C. collecting photos on the Internet
D. picking up litter and spreading the idea
3.According to Paragraph 4， what did the kids learn from their experiences？
A. Rome wasn't built in a day．
B. Many hands make light work．
C. Actions speak louder than words．
D. Where there is a will， there is a way．
4.What can be the best title for the text？
A. A Community in Progress
B. Create a Better World
C. One Piece at a Time
D. Photos Tell Stories
Time is time， no matter where we are in the world． However， it seems like whenever we wait for a friend to get ready， five minutes can seem like a whole day． And meanwhile， a really interesting two﹣hour movie may feel like it only lasted a few minutes． So， how is it that time doesn't always seem to follow the same rules？ What actually affects（ 影响）our feeling of time？
According to a new study published in the journal Nature in August， the differences in how we sense time come from a"clock？ inside our brain． However， the brains clock， controlled by a network of brain cells， gets its sense of time from our experiences and memories， reported Medical News Today． So， unlike regular clocks， our brain forms a " subjective（主观的） time coming from the ongoing flow of experience，" Edvard Moser， director of the Kavli Institute based at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology， explained in Neuroscience News．
To examine the activity of this network， a team of scientists at the Kavli Institute studied the brain activity of rats for several hours， during which time the rats were required to complete a series of activities． According to Neuroscience News， it was found that when the rats carried out any repetitive（重复的）activities， the brain network became more precise． It matched the actual time of day． On the other hand， when they took part in any exciting experiences the brain network didn't rely on real time markers． This led to time passing unconsciously（无意识地）．
According to Moser， to speed up or slow down the brain's clock depends on whether the brain simply judges time based on experiences it processes（加工）． "If we change what we are doing， we also change our experience of time， he told the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation． " It's not about clock time but about our subjective feeling of time．
1.The author gives the examples in paragraph 1mainly to show ．
A. time is sometimes changed depending on where we are
B. five minutes sometimes is equal to a whole day
C. an interesting two﹣hour movie actually lasts less than two hours
D. time doesn't always seem to go on a regular basis
2.According to Moser， the brain's clock is affected by ．
A. regular clock time
B. personal experiences
C. physical health
D. the number of activities
3.The text is mainly about ．
A. how to judge time
B. how to value time
C. how our brain works
D. how our brain senses time
Back in 1963， a company in the US was suffering from low employee（员工） spirit． Everyone was worried that they might lose their jobs， since the company had just joined up with another company， which meant there were suddenly more employees than needed．
That was when Harvey Ball（1921﹣2001）， an artist， was invited by the company to find a way to raise the workplace's spirit． It took Ball less than 10 minutes to draw a smiley face on a bright yellow background， which was then made into buttons that employees could wear on their jackets as a reminder to smile at each other． The face soon became part of the companys culture and was introduced across the country， and﹣ before Ball realized it﹣to the world．
However， as much effort as Ball made， that "message"soon grew to become twisted（歪曲的）． Just think about it： How many of us still use the simple smiley face emoji just to say， "I'm smiling "？ Chances are when we use it， we often mean， "I'm just going to ignore you or"That' s just perfect"﹣ in a sarcastic（讽刺的）way． And our favorite emojis perhaps also include the upside﹣down face or the face with tears of joy ﹣both changed from Ball's former smiley face﹣ and yet， both are often used sarcastically．
Indeed， in today's world， we deal with many things with sarcasm instead of with a smile， perhaps because were finding it harder and harder to be happy． but we keep forgetting about the fact that happiness and smiling go both ways． As Vietnamese spiritual teacher Thich Nhat Hanh once said， "Sometimes， your joy is the source of your smile． But sometimes， your smile can be the source of your joy That was probably what was in Balls mind when he first came up with the smiley face： A smile brings joy， and joy brings people closer together．
1.Ball drew the smiley face in order to ．
A. show his gift for drawing
B. decorate the employees jackets
C. cheer up the employees in the company
D. spread the company's culture to the world
2.According to Paragraph 2， the smiley face has been ．
A. changed gradually
B. used in a bitter way
C. ignored completely
D. recognized as a happier sign
3.What can we learn from the text？
A. Smiling can bring about happiness．
B. Smiling is not popular in today's world．
C. We should make ourselves happier in a different way．
D. We haven't understood the true meaning of the smiley face．
（题文）你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：
(1)短片内容：学校的发展；
(2)放映时间、地点；
(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：
(1)词数100左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉；
修改： 在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
How an unbelievable scene! A modern young couple were eating fruit in public and had thrown a plenty of waste on the ground. When an old cleaner comes to clean up, the man was very angry. He pointed at the cleaner, said in a loud voice, “How impolite! They haven’t finished eating!” “How could people behave such badly?” I thought. Obvious, in their eyes, they could do all they liked and ignore others’ feelings. In my opinion, we should pay attention our behavior, obey public rules and respect others’ works. We should know that really civilized people are those who have good manners but a beautiful mind all the time.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was staying in Destin for a few days with my family. One morning, I got up early1.(go) for a walk on the beach. As I was walking, I noticed at least a hundred or more empty beer cans which2.(leave) in one concentrated area in front of a hotel. I was3.(fascinate) by the beach, woods and nature so I wanted to keep4.(they) clean. Naturally, I picked up a few to take to a nearby rubbish can. 5.my way back to the hotel.I saw6.man walking down the beach with a rubbish bag picking up the cans. I helped him get the rest and walked back to my place, but I couldn’t help 7. (think) about that man and how we need more people like that in the world. It really gave me some 8.(inspire).
In the following days when I stayed in Destin, I always went for a walk with a rubbish bag. The rubbish bag was 9.(total) full by the time I got back to my hotel. I did not want to get any thanks but I hoped10.I did could inspire someone to do the same as well.
