University of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness． The idea that social media is anything but social when it comes to mental health has been talked about for years， but not many studies have managed to actually link the two． To do that， Penn researchers， led by psychologist Melissa Hunt， designed a study that focused on WeChat， Snapchat and Instagram．
The study was conducted with 143 participants， who before they began， completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens， showing how often they were using their phones to access social media． "We set out to do a much more complete study which attempts to imitate real life．" Hunt said．
The study divided the participants into two groups： The first group was allowed to maintain their normal social media habits． The other， the control group， was restricted to 10 minutes per day on social media． The restrictions were put in place for three weeks and then the participants returned and were tested for outcomes such as fear of missing out， anxiety， depression and loneliness．
The results showed a very clear link between social media use and increased levels of depression and loneliness． "Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness，" Hunt said．
Social media invites what Hunt calls "downward social comparison．" "When you're online， it can sometimes seem that everyone else is cooler and having more fun and included in more things and you're left out，" Hunt said． And that's just generally discouraging． "Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate．" And these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self﹣esteem and self﹣worth， Hunt added．
"People are on their devices， and that's not going to change，" she said． But as in life， a bit of control goes a long way．
1.Before the study was conducted， the participants completed a survey to ．
A. imitate people's real life
B. link loneliness to depression
C. show their use of social media
D. prove social media is important
2.The results of the study showed using less social media would result in ．
A. people's fear of missing out
B. higher levels of depression
C. obvious relief in loneliness
D. lower levels of happiness
3.In Hunt's opinion， which activity benefits more to mental health？
A. Hiking out with friends．
B. Making comparison with others．
C. Playing computer games in spare time．
D. Logging onto social media and having fun．
4.Which can be the best title of the passage？
A. A Study on Social Media．
B. How to Improve Mental Health．
C. People Addicted to Social Media．
D. Social Media Influences Mental Health．
Recently， a 1935 letter in which Ernest Hemingway detailed his catch of a 500lb blue marlin（青枪鱼）， an adventure that is believed to have partly inspired his novel The Old Man and the Sea， has been sold for﹩28，000 （£22，000）．
The handwritten letter was sent by Hemingway on 8 May to the fishing editor of the Miami Herald， laying out in great detail how the author and his friend Henry Strater battled to keep sharks away from the marlin after catching it off the Bahamian island of Bimini．
Nate D Sanders， the auction（拍卖） company which sold the letter， said it documented for the first time in Hemingway's own words not only the size of the marlin， but also the attack by sharks， reflecting the plot of the novel．
The company added that Hemingway's account of the marlin catch differed from other anecdotes of it， one of which described Hemingway using a machine gun on the sharks， which is said to have attracted more sharks rather than frightened them away．
The Old Man and the Sea was also inspired by an anecdote told by Hemingway's Cuban friend Carlos Gutierrez． In 1936， Hemingway wrote in a magazine that Carlos had told him about an old fisherman who caught a great marlin alone．
Three years later， Hemingway told his editor Max Perkins that he was planning a short story about the old commercial fisherman who fought the swordfish all alone in his sailing boat． Instead， he ended up writing For Whom the Bell Tolls， not returning to the story about the old fisherman until January 1951． It won him the Pulitzer in 1953， and was specifically cited when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954．
1.What does the underlined phrase "laying out" in the second paragraph mean？
A. Discussing．
B. Wondering．
C. Imagining．
D. Presenting．
2.What did the auction company stress when selling the 1935letter？
A. The style of the writer．
B. The history of the letter．
C. The contents of the letter．
D. The popularity of the writer．
3.What inspired Hemingway to write The Old Man and The Sea besides his own adventure？
A. Henry Strater's account．
B. Carlos Gutierrez's story．
C. Max Perkins' life experience．
D. Nate D Sanders' description．
4.Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage？
1Hemingway wrote a letter to describe his adventure．
2Hemingway caught a big blue marlin．
3The letter was sold at auction．
4The Old Man and The Sea won the Nobel Prize．
A. ①③②④
B. ②①④③
C. ②④①③
D. ②③①④
We work with Cambridge County Council's Participation Team to create opportunities for young people to visit the University and learn more about it． The following events are scheduled for the 2019/2020 academic year．
SuperStar workshops
12 engaging workshops are planned for young people aged 7 to 11． These half﹣day visits will be held throughout the year， at times when young people are not at school． If participants complete 8of the 12workshops， they will be awarded the nationally recognised SuperStar Crest Award．
Please note， workshops will only run if we have a sufficient number of attendees （usually around 3+ participants）．
Explore University Days
Explore University Days are for young people aged 12﹣15． Participants visit the University for two days and engage with a range of university﹣related workshops， and other fun activities．
Previous participants have engaged with the following：
• Visited the Sports Centre
• Took part in a Neuroscience workshop
• Enjoyed a two﹣course meal at a University College
Dates will be confirmed in early December 2019， and a schedule for event will follow in the New Year．
Events for post﹣16 students
If you are studying for your post﹣16 qualifications and are considering applying for Cambridge or would like to find out more about a specific subject， the following events might be for you：
• University and College Open Days
• Subject Masterclasses
• Cambridge Science Festival
1.What can the participants do in SuperStar workshops？
A. To stay only half a day．
B. To get a gift．
C. To enjoy a free meal．
D. To visit all the 12 workshops．
2.Which event is specially for applicants of Cambridge？
A. SuperStar workshops．
B. The Neuroscience workshop．
C. Explore University Days．
D. Events for post﹣16 students．
3.The events in the passage most probably aim to ．
A. introduce some courses
B. advertise Cambridge University
C. enrich students' spare time life
D. promote children's interest in touring
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友David准备来中国度假，发邮件向你询问体验中国"红色文化"旅游的情况．请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐地点：安徽西部的金寨县；
2．推荐理由：风景秀丽、红色文化资源丰富；
3．体验内容：参观博物馆、了解革命历史等等．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：红色文化The Chinese "Red Culture"
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共 有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Last month our class organized a hiking along the Chaobai River，which run through Hebei， Beijing and Tianjin． Much to my disappoint， I found the river was serious polluted． At that moment， I was determined to do what I could protect it． First， under my teacher's help， I used the equipments from the school lab to test the quality of the river water． But then，I used the data I had collected it to analyze the pollution of the water． Finally，I write a report on the pollution of the river to the local government． I also gave a presentation in class where I suggested that we must make small changes to protect our water resources．
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．
The makeup of British families has changed1.（rapid） over the last two hundred years． The traditional family structure （结构）before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in2.three generations lived under one roof． The early twentieth century saw the3.（ grow） of the nuclear family﹣parents and a small number of4.（child） would form a single family． In the last thirty years， however， the UK5.（ see） a breakdown of the typical nuclear family．
Increased divorce rates， later marriage and a move away from marriage altogether have resulted6.new forms of family； divorced parents will develop new relationships and take their kids with them． A survey7.（ conduct） by researchers shows that over 50% of kids are now born to parents who are not married．
Some minority communities stick to the extended family structure， and it is common8.（find） that three generations are living together in an Indian family． They say that apart from strengthening traditional family ties，9.can provide security for older people when they cannot work anymore． They believe that the phenomenon of other old people living in care homes10.（indicate） that many old people in the wider community are abandoned in their old age．
