"Indeed，" George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785， "some kind of fly， or bug， had begun to eat the leaves before I left home．" But the father of America was not the father of bug． When Washington wrote that， Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century， and Americans had already created lightning-bug（萤火虫）． But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language， leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries．
The American bug could also be a person， referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity． Although fan became the usual term， sports fans used to be called racing bugs， baseball bugs， and the like．
Or the bug could be a small machine or object， for example， a bug-shaped car． The bug could also be a burglar alarm， from which comes the expression to bug， that is， "to install （安装） an alarm"． Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversation． Since the 1840s， to bug has long meant "to cheat"， and since the 1940s it has been annoying．
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design． That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison． In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product． In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug' in his invented record player．"
1.We learn from Paragraph 1that ______ ．
A. Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B. George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C. the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century
D. both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
2.What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Evolution． B. Finding．
C. Origin． D. Fault．
3."BUG" can referred to the following except ______ ．
A. A man who is crazy about sports B. A man who installs an alarm
C. An insect in natural world D. A device for listening secretly
4.The passage is mainly concerned with ______ ．
A. the misunderstanding of the word bug
B. the development of the word bug
C. the public views of the word bug
D. the special characteristics of the word bug
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，上周你校团委发起了冬衣捐助活动，你和你班的两位同学作为志愿者参加了此次活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Donating for a Warmer Winter”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍你在本次活动中的经历与感受。
注意：1.词数不少于60;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化非常感兴趣，想请你介绍一项你最引以为傲的中国文化遗产。请你给他回邮件，内容包括:
1.文化遗产的名称;
2.简要介绍;
3.你感到自豪的理由。
注意：1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
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Yours，
Li Hua
New Lives for Old Phones
When a new mobile phone starts to be sold in stores, many people rush out to buy one. We all want the newest, latest thing.1.
Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a mobile phone recycling company. "Don't throw your old phone away. 2.If you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become landfill. In other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground-and it becomes a big problem," he says.
Mobile phones contain some poisonous materials. If your phone goes to a landfill, these poisonous materials can get out and get into the water under the ground. That's the water we need to drink or water goes into rivers or the ocean. 3. That's a lot of landfill and a lot of poisonous materials.
"At Total Recall, we separate the old phones into pieces. Most of the materials in the mobile phones can be recycled and used again.4. For example, phone batteries contain nickel and cadmium. The nickel is used to make steel, and the cadmium can be used to make new batteries," explains Mike.
"5.You can usually just take it into a mobile phone shop and they will send it to us," says Mike.
So before you throw that old mobile phone away, use it one last time: search for a recycler near you and give them a call.
A. Send it to us and we'll recycle it.
B. Recycling your old phone is easy.
C. How much is your old mobile phone worth?
D. But what should we do with our old mobile phones?
E. Millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year.
F. We take apart the old phones and they are used to make new products.
G. Recycling materials helps keep the environment greener and cleaner.
Who's in control of your life? Who's pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it's other people-society, colleagues, friends, family or our community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young,of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it," Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation. "
So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug-we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix(成瘾物)we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug. there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom-the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they're more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted (tired) and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control? I think there's only one way-make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values- not values imposed from the outside by others. but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others. we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
1.What Oscar Wilde says implies that .
A. most people have a variety of thoughts
B. we have thoughts similar to those of others
C. other people's thoughts are more important
D. most people's thoughts are affected by others
2.What does the author try to argue in the third paragraph?
A. The price of taking the drug is freedom.
B. We may lose ourselves to win the approval of others.
C. We need to pay for what we want to get.
D. Changing opinions may cost us our freedom.
3.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. it's better to follow others' opinions
B. it's important to accept others' comments
C. we shouldn't change our own decision
D. we shouldn't care too much what others think
4.The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his arguments mainly by .
A. discussing questions B. making suggestions
C. analyzing causes and effects D. providing examples and facts
While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.
For this study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half given their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.
Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That's because the scientists believe humans show their eruptions on their entire face.
After some training on how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face, the researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.
They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to back away quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game"that scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.
The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touched screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies-dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.
1.How did the scientists conduct the experiment?
A. By mixing the selected dogs together.
B. By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen.
C. By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.
D. By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.
2.The underlined word "trepidation" in Paragraph 5 probably means .
A. fear and hesitation B. curiosity and eagerness
C. excitement and happiness D. doubt and uncertainty
3.According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners .
A. are scared away at the male faces
B. are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces
C. have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males
D. can only recognize emotions on partial faces
4.What is the best title for this passage?
A. Mood Changes Influence Dogs B. Dogs Identify the Moods
C. Dogs and Their Owners D. Dogs' Mood Research
