Question

    Penguins are flightless birds that spend half their time on land and half in the water.

1. They have dark and white feathers，and their wings have evolved into flippers(脚蹼).Most penguins feed on fish，squid and other forms of sea life caught while swimming.

2. They are mostly found in groups that include thousands of penguins.Penguins each have their own unique mating call，and they use that to locate their mate and chicks in such a large group.

Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold Antarctica.3. Several species are even found in the temperate zone, and one species，the Galátpagos penguin，lives near the equator(赤道).

Unfortunately, many penguin species worldwide are facing threats.The biggest is climate change and global warming. As the earth warms up，the sheets of ice have melted，and the algae(藻类)that grow under the ice decrease.The algae are eaten by tiny creatures called zooplankton. When there is a drop in zooplankton, it affects the fish that depend on it.4.

Another major threat is from oil spills. If coated with oil, penguins cannot float or swim in  water. Also, if oil is swallowed, penguins will die from poison.5.

A.These birds are very social.

B.In fact, only a few of them live so far south.

C.Penguins are highly adapted for life in the water.

D.The biggest threat for penguins comes from humans.

E.They have a tendency to live in a community together.

F.As a result，penguins have less fish to eat and thus starve.

G.Others include overfishing，illegal egg harvesting，and natural enemies.

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.F

5.G

【解析】

本文为说明文。文章介绍了企鹅的习性和种类，介绍了目前面临的威胁。

1.根据下文They have dark and white feathers，and their wings have evolved into flippers.（他们有黑色和白色的羽毛，翅膀已经演变成脚蹼）可知，C项“企鹅非常适应水中的生活”符合此处语境。故C选项正确。

2.根据下文They are mostly found in groups that include thousands of penguins.（它们大多生活在包括数千只企鹅在内的群体中）可知，A项“这些鸟很合群”符合此处语境。故A选项正确。

3.根据上文they are not found only in cold Antarctica.（它们并不只存在于寒冷的南极洲）及下文Several species are even found in the temperate zone, and one species，the Galátpagos penguin, lives near the equator.（在温带甚至发现了几种企鹅，其中一种加拉帕戈斯企鹅生活在赤道附近）可知，B项“事实上，它们中只有少数住在如此遥远的南方”符合此处语境。故B选项正确。

4.根据上文When there is a drop in zooplankton, it affects the fish that depend on it.（当浮游动物减少时，它会影响到依赖它的鱼类）可知，F项“结果，企鹅吃的鱼少了，因此饿死了”符合此处语境。故F选项正确。

5.根据上文Unfortunately, many penguin species worldwide are facing threats.The biggest is climate change and global warming.（不幸的是，世界上许多企鹅物种都面临着威胁。最大的问题是气候变化和全球变暖）及Another major threat is from oil spills.（另一个主要威胁来自石油泄漏）可知，G项“其它（的威胁）包括过度捕捞、非法采卵和天敌”符合此处语境。故G选项正确。