It is hard to imagine that such a small country, the size of Indiana with the population of Alaska, tucked in the Himalaya Mountains, accessible only by two airplanes, is the “Happiest Country’’ in the world and has one of the fastest growing GDP’S in the world. This country is Bhutan, “Land of the Thunder Dragon”, which is located in South Asia and is encompassed by India, China, and Nepal.
Bhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and, until recently, has preserved much of their culture since the l7th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the world. Internet, television, and western dress were banned from the country up until ten years ago. Over the past ten years globalization has begun to change in Bhutan, but things remain perfectly balanced.
Bhutan is the only country in the world that has a ‘GNH’, which refers to “Gross National Happiness.’’The process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened up to globalization. It measures people’s quality of life, and makes sure that “material and spiritual development happen together.”Bhutan has done an amazing job of finding this balance. Bhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of Asia, and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to Business Week. In 2007, Bhutan had the second fastest growing GDP in the world, at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural identity.
In 2008,in Bhutan’s first democratic election,28-year-old Jigme KhesarNamgyel Wang Chuck was elected president of Bhutan. He promises to “maintain a stance (立场)of protection against the worst aspects of globalization, maintaining the ‘Gross National Happiness’.”But Jigme himself is no stranger to globalization. He attended high school at Phillips Academy and university at Wheaton College and then graduated from Oxford.
1.The underlined word “encompassed’’ in the first paragraph most probably means __________ .
A. covered B. surrounded
C. separated D. guarded
2.Why is Bhutan regarded as “the happiest country”?
A. Because it changes its policy and begins to open up.
B. Because it uses “GNH” to measure its achievement.
C. Because it stresses both material and spiritual development.
D. Because it has the second fastest growing GDP in the world.
3.What Can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The election in Bhutan is far from satisfactory.
B. Globalization has influenced Bhutan’s religion.
C. Jigme’s educational background will cause distrust.
D. People in Bhutan will continue living a happy life.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
International Airport Sheremetyevo Moscow
If You've Lost Personal Belongings
On Board --Contact the airline’s representatives
At the Airport --Contact:
-- Sheremetyevo Police Department
……………………………………+7(495)578-22-55
--Unclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal C
……………………………………+7(495)578-23-26
--Umclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal D
……………………………………+7(499)500-65-52
(domestic flights)
+7(495)753-86-41
(international flights)
When collecting Lost and Found items, you shall have an identification document, a boarding pass or a ticket,and also to indicate a place where the items were lost and prove they are yours.
If Your Luggage Is Lost or Damaged
Before leaving the arrival area, please turn to the Lost and Found counter to file a report. The written claim shall be submitted to the airline company not later than seven days from the time when the luggage was to be collected.
If your luggage is not found withintwenty-one days of the time when the claim was filed, you have the right to claim damages in the amount of not more than 600 rublesper kilogram. Amount refunded(退款) for a hand luggage lost through the fault of an airline is not more than 11,000 rubles regardless of its weight. Amount refunded for damaged luggage is calculated based on the same tariffs(关税).
Keep your flight documents (a ticket, boarding pass, luggage tag, anddelayed luggage report filed at the airport) untilthe end of the procedure for searching for your luggage.
Current information on luggage-tracing results
……………………………………+7(495)578-76-65
Lost and Found service of Aeroflot Airlines
……………………………………+7(495)544-33-25
(from9:00to20:00)
+7(495)753-86-41
(24 hours)
For further information please contact the airline.
1.What should you do if you find your personal possessions lost on board an airplane?
A. Submit a claim to the company. B. Go to the Lost and Found counter.
C. Contact the airline’s representatives. D. Contact the unclaimed luggage storage room.
2.How much money can you claim if your 20-kilogram hand luggage is lost?
A. 600 rubles. B. 11,000rubles at most.
C. 12,000 rubles at least. D. 12,000 rubles at most.
3.Which number will you probably dial to see whether your lost luggage has been found?
A. 7(495)578-76-65 B. 7(495)544-33-25
C. 7(499)500-65-52 D. 7(495)753-86-41
假如你是高三学生李津，你想选择一所外地的大学，而你的父母想让在本市上大学，你很苦恼，请给你在中国留学的美国朋友Tom写一封求助信，主要内容包括：
1. 你的苦恼
2. 你和父母各持己见的理由
3. 询问Tom的建议
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可以适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
Long time no see. As it won’t be long before I graduate from high school, I have to choose an ideal university in advance, which makes me really annoyed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Dear James,
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It’s my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that your started smoking some time ago and now your are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine（尼古丁）, which is one of the hundreds of chemical in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. Quitting smoking was really difficult because I was addicted in all three ways. But I did finally manage.
When I was young, I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn’t enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
I am sending you some advice I found on the internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
Love from
Grandpa
1.Why did the writer mention the long bike ride and his age in the letter? (no more than 15 words)
2.What’s the purpose of writing the letter? (no more than 10 words)
3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? (no more than 5 words)
4.Why did the grandpa decide to quit smoking? (no more than 20 words)
5.Do you think it easy or difficult to quit smoking? Please give James some possible advice to help him. (no more than 15 words)
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with(担负着) unbearable levels of debt’ the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt and that many of them will take this debt to their graves（坟墓）.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $ 100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t purchasing $ 20 drinks in trendy bars. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t permanent in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future’" warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards."
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not plenty to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life which could have loss impacts for the credit card issuing banks,"
1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B. Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.
C. Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.
D. The American credit card system is under criticism.
2.Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?
A. They tend to forget about the deadlines.
B. They haven't developed a credit history.
C. They are often unable to pay back in time.
D. They are inexperienced in managing money.
3.What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?
A. It will place an unnecessary burden on society.
B. It will give them no motivation to work hard.
C. It will exert psychological pressure on them.
D. It will affect their future spending power.
4.What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?
A. They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.
B. They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.
C. Their quality of life will be affected.
D. Their credit cards may be cancelled.
5.What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?
A. They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.
B. They lose large numbers of their regular clients.
C. Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.
D. Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This disparity (新旧研究的差异）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled individually by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.
1.What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A. How we feel the food we eat.
B. When we eat our meals.
C. What element the food contains.
D. How fast we eat our meals.
2.What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?
A. You would probably be more particular about food.
B. You would not feel like eating the same food.
C. You would have a good appetite.
D. You would not feel so hungry.
3.What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B. Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.
C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.
D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.
4.What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?
A. Trick ourselves into eating less.
B. Choose food with fewer calories.
C. Concentrate on food while eating.
D. Pick dishes of the right size.
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
