阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a small but growing movement in America of many 1. ( family) that want to reduce waste to zero. 2. (they) goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach. Some come close, reducing a year’s worth of trash to only a few things 3. can fit into a small container. All other things, they say, can be recycled or composted.
Zero Wasters, as they are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. A lot of people have given 4. (value) advice on the subject recently. Some of the advice includes where to buy things 5. (avoid) unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away.
Bea Johnson, a housewife, says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations 6. ever before. She, who is 7. (satisfy) with the fact, says all their clothing comes from used clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending 8. 40 percent.
Zero Wasters advocate 9. (talk) about five “r’s” that describe want they do: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. They request that things like remaining food not 10. (throw) away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants.
I did my first wing-walk two years ago, on my 86 birthday. Then last June, aged 88, I did it again and ______ my own record as the world’s oldest ______ wing-walker.
There was something about being strapped (捆扎) to the ______ of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing-Stearman that ______ my imagination. It’s very exciting. The first experience was nothing but tame. This year, I said to the ______, “Can you make it a bit more adventuresome? ” He said, “I could do a loop-the loop (翻筋斗) if you like?”
This time, he ______ doing half a loop which was very effective. You go down a bit, then straight up. All I felt was a bit ______, because it was windy. But you are ______ strapped. The pilot makes sure everything is ______. I had gloves on, earplugs and lots of layers, which protected me.
Both times, we ______ from Gloucestershire Airport and were in the air for 15 minutes. You don’t sit on the wing—you sit on ______ looks like a chair. I wasn’t nervous. But when you look at the propellers (螺旋桨), you do feel a little strange. You’re ______ at the beginning that it’s a ______ dangerous activity and things could go wrong. However, I said: “Well, at 88 what does it ______? You ve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of ______.”
At my age, a lot of people are ______ in their ways. I don’t think any of my ______ from my retirement home wants to ______ me. I imagine most of them think I’m ______ as a woman. But I do think people of my age should be doing more ______ things. You shouldn’t sit back and feel sorry for yourself.
1.A. kept B. broke C. saved D. protected
2.A. doctor B. repair C. male D. female
3.A. wing B. head C. tail D. bottom
4.A. practised B. displayed C. inspired D. broadened
5.A. driver B. pilot C. guide D. director
6.A. turned up B. gave up C. took up D. end up
7.A. shaky B. dizzy C. shiny D. clumsy
8.A. tightly B. largely C. safely D. correctly
9.A. special B. secure C. cautious D. accessible
10.A. let out B. got through C. broke up D. took off
11.A. what B. how C. where D. that
12.A. charged B. allowed C. warned D. cheated
13.A. actually B. potentially C. doubtfully D. certainly
14.A. mean B. live C. dream D. matter
15.A. glory B. silence C. memory D. ash
16.A. criticized B. beaten C. stuck D. washed
17.A. leaders B. friends C. opponents D. relatives
18.A. persuade B. praise C. join D. steady
19.A. crazy B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous
20.A. academic B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous
5 ways to focus your mind
1. Focus with a purpose
The mistake most people make is lacking a clear purpose -they want to be more focused, but don’t know what for. Avoidance is the mother of distraction. If you don’t have a concrete reason to stay focused, your mind will jump from one thing to another. Training your mind to pay attention requires something to focus on. 1.. When you don’t have a purpose, it’s easier to get distracted. Conversely, having a clear ‘why’ will help you stay focused.
2. Solve a real problem
Most of the times, we are doing meaningless work. We jump from one task to another without accomplishing anything. We end solving the wrong problem and lose our focus. You have to decide what your priorities are—focus on what will advance your daily, weekly or monthly goals. Leam to say no to the rest. 2.. Those who lack focus are busy fighting urgent, but irrelevant fires.
3. Eliminate(消除) other options
3., it’s harder to get distracted, Create rules where you can’t start a new activity until you finished another one first. For example, in a good day, Pink leaves his office at 10-10:30. On a bad day, he might stay ‘disconnected’ until 2 or 3 PM. When you climinate all options, it’s easier to focus on the only thing that’s left.
4. 4..
When your work and your mental state are not aligned (使结盟), they create an emotional dissonance. Focusing is hard, Dealing with this stressful feeling becomes an additional distraction. Adapting your work to your mental state increases your focus. Leam to understand the types of work you do and align them with your mental states.
5. Set deadlines
Deadlines are more than bringing your goals to life. Yes, committing to a specific date increases your chances to achieve an objective. However, the power of deadlines lies in creating a constraint. Limitations benefit both creativity and productivity—by challenging ourselves, we increase our focus. 5..
A. When you don’t have choices
B. When you create some rules
C. Take advantage of your mental state
D. Combine your action with your mental state
E. Focus on important things and suppress urgency
F. Focusing requires having an intention for your attention
G. Using deadlines smartly can motivate you with less pressure
Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.
Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children’s DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. “Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life.” And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate.” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.
The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.
1.Stephen Hawking’s views don’t include _________.
A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.
B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.
C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.
D. Humans who haven’t undergone genetic engineering may die out.
2.Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?
A. Brief Answers to Questions. B. The Sunday Times.
C. The Brief History of Time. D. Solar System.
3.What’s Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards human genetic engineering?
A. Supportive. B. Impartial. C. Favorable. D. Concerned.
4.What does the text mainly want to tell us?
A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.
B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.
C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.
D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.
That the success of humans as a species depends to a large extent on our ability to cooperate in groups is widely believed. Much more so than any other animal, people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits.
New research involving Dr Molleman, an expert at the University of Nottingham, suggests that successful cooperation in groups depends on how people gather information about their peers, and how they base their cooperative decisions on it.
Biologists wonder how cooperation could have developed by natural selection: it is puzzling how cooperation can be beneficial when it is possible to behave selfishly and take advantage of the cooperative efforts of your group. Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment. They asked questions like “How do people make decisions when their actions can affect the welfare of others?” “How people determine their behavior when they have to cooperate in groups?”.
Dr Pieter Van Den Berg from the University of Groningen said, “From previous research we know that some people are ‘majority-oriented (以……为中心)’ and tend to look at the behavior of the majority in their group, whereas others are ‘success-oriented’ and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves.”
Dr Molleman, from the center of the Decision Research and Experimental Economics, said, “It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people. As a consequence, the people in the majority-oriented groups tended to cam more money in the experiment since they cooperated more.”
1.Compared with other animals, human beings are capable of ________.
A. communicating well with others B. working together with each other
C. surviving some natural disasters D. getting access to various information
2.What are the psychologists and economists most interested in?
A. Whether people’s personal efforts will pay off eventually.
B. How cooperation has developed over a long lime naturally.
C. Why people offer to affect those around them unselfishly.
D. What benefit that good cooperation can bring immediately.
3.We can infer that the success-oriented people________.
A. are careful to select a group to join
B. are likely to be successful in the future
C. pay more attention to the result of their effort
D. have some skills in collecting useful information
4.What is the new finding of the research?
A. Having good relationship gets us to live fullest life.
B. Focusing on individual success makes people selfish.
C. Being considerate can ensure our long-term benefit.
D. Mastering social skills help create harmonious society.
In Australia, the bilby (兔耳袋狸) project is seen as an important part in protecting the nation’s wildlife. Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs. They usually sleep during the day, and are awake at night. They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms.
For the first time in 2018, bilbies are running wild in Southeastern Australia. The small animals were once widespread across much of Australia, but were last observed in the wild in New South Wales state in 1912. Every year bilby populations continue to decrease. Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby, a small marsupial, could eventually disappear forever, either because of land clearing or fires. Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes, which hunt down and kill bilbies.
In northern New South Wales state, environmentalists are celebrating what they are calling a historic moment. Thirty bilbies from a captive breeding program have been released into a large predator-free enclosed area north of Sydney. Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence, experts say the animals probably would not survive.
Tim Allard heads the Australian Wildlife Conservancy, which is involved in the project. He says the release of these beloved animals is a big deal. “There are some remaining wild bilby populations, but they get predated upon heavily by feral cats and foxes. Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas.” Allard said the point of doing this project is to return the countryside to what it used to be before Europeans arrived. “So in the not-too-distant future, you will be able to go inside the fenced areas and it will be like stepping back before Europeans turned up,” he said.
1.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. The shape of the bilby. B. The habit of the bilby.
C. The weight of the bilby. D. The characteristics of the bilby.
2.The followings are the reasons for Bilbies’ disappearance EXCEPT ________?
A. Trees’ clearing. B. Fires’ bursting. C. Cats’ hunting. D. Foxes’ killing.
3.What docs the underlined word “enclosed” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Involved. B. Protected. C. Hunted. D. Enlarged.
4.From Allard’s words, what do we know?
A. The release of bilbies can make much money.
B. Cats and foxes cause the decrease of bilbies.
C. Nature reserves are needed to protect bilbies.
D. Europeans shouldn’t turn up in the countryside.
