阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．
For Nigel Portman， a love of travelling began with what's called a "gap year"． In common with many other British teenagers， he chose1.（take） a year out before settling down to study for his degree． After doing various2. （job） to raise some money， he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures， visiting America and Asia． The more adventurous a young person， the3.（great） challenge they are likely to set4.（them） for the gap year， and for some， like Nigel， it can result in a thirst for adventure．
Now that his university course5.（come） to an end， Nigel is just about to leave on a three﹣year trip that will take him right around the world． What's more， he plans to make the whole journey6.（use） only means of transport which are powered by natural energy． In other words， he'll be relying7.（main） on bicycles and his own legs； and when there's an ocean to cross， he won't be taking a shortcut（捷径）8.flying aboard﹣he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship， instead．
As well as doing some mountain climbing along9.way， Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message10.lies behind the whole idea．
One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home． On the halfway， after_____ her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station， she put her wallet on the top of the car just for a moment to_____ my phone call． And then_____， she forgot and drove off． When arriving home， she realized that and thought that the_____ of getting it back was small．
She was so_____ surprised when she found a_____ on the door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier． Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few_____ from the gas station． They stopped their car to_____． It was filled with all the things one usually kept in a wallet， including some_____ and other cash． However，no phone number，_____this， they managed to get a（an）_____from my mother's driving license， and without hesitation， they decided to drive to our home to_____it．
When my mother went to get the wallet she was so_____ and grateful． She_____ to give them some money as a（n）_____ of gratitude， but they refused， saying that they were just glad to_____ my mother help．
They were naturally_____ ， and they had a firm_____ in the Golden Rule as well． They drove over to my house because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience that the loss of a wallet and all its contents could_____． I think they were really_____ and helpful．
1.A. pulling out B. applying for C. paying for D. making out
2.A. make B. answer C. hear D. send
3.A. Carefully B. Ridiculously C. Obviously D. Deliberately
4.A. amount B. expectation C. thought D. chance
5.A. curiously B. joyfully C. willingly D. strangely
6.A. sign B. signal C. note D. postcard
7.A. stops B. hours C. squares D. blocks
8.A. pick it up B. look it up C. take it up D. put it up
9.A. pictures B. envelopes C. bills D. napkins
10.A. Instead of B. Despite C. Without D. Beneath
11.A. number B. photograph C. address D. index
12.A. get B. check C. exchange D. return
13.A. upset B. relieved C. fortunate D. warm﹣hearted
14.A. intended B. advised C. demanded D. instructed
15.A. feeling B. mood C. present D. expression
16.A. offer B. share C. trust D. seek
17.A. honest B. selfish C. frank D. creative
18.A. courage B. faith C. support D. devotion
19.A. fulfill B. ignore C. value D. cause
20.A. ambitious B. civilized C. polite D. considerate
Alcohol addiction is harmful. It may ruin your life, family and career. Here are some ideas to help people stop drinking.
1. First Step
The first step to stop drinking is to know why you want to stop drinking. Make a list of reasons to stop drinking alcohol. 1.It would be better to display it in several places like on your fridge door and in your handbag to increase chances of seeing it.
2. Reduce Drinking Alcohol Gradually
If you’re a heavy drinker for a long time, it may not be possible for you to put a full stop to drinking within one day. 2.In addition, fix a date for a final complete stop.
3. Talk To Your Doctor
Alcohol addiction is a disease, and may have caused a few chemical changes in your body system. It might have affected your important organs such as liver, heart, kidney, and so on. 3.
4. Join Support Groups
There are many support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous and AVERT. 4. They provide practical tips and suggestions based on their own experience.
5. Learn To Say a Firm NO
Friends at drinking clubs may invite you to drink with reasons. 5. You should learn to stay active by developing new hobbies and interests and spending that alcohol drinking t ime with your family and friends.
A. Turn down their invitations with polite yet firm Nos.
B. Alcohol can influence people’s health and how they act.
C. You can also look for a friend’s help to complete the list.
D. Usually, therefore, you need expert medical help for treatment.
E. The very best choice might be to drink less and then stop drinking gradually.
F. For example, people may drink to deal with problems like boredom, stress, or money troubles.
G.Their membership consists of previous alcohol addicts who have successfully given up their addiction.
Lucy， whose skeleton（骨骼） was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974， died shortly after she fell out of a tree， according to a new study published Monday in the British journal Nature．
For their research， Kappelman and Dr． Richard Ketcham used a CT scanner to create more than 35，000 "slices" of Lucy's skeleton． Scientists named her Lucy from the Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"， which was played at the camp the night of her discovery．
The following analysis of the slices showed sharp， clean breaks seen at the end of Lucy's right humerus （肱骨） are similar to bone breaks seen in victims of falls．
The researchers concluded that these and other breaks in her skeleton show that Lucy， who is believed to have stood about 3 feet 6 inches and weighed about 60 pounds， fell feet first and used her arms to support herself ﹣ but that the injury was too severe to have been survivable．
The researchers estimate that Lucy was going about 35 miles an hour when she hit the ground after falling from a height of roughly 40 feet， according to the statement．
That sounds plausible． But other scientists are doubtful． "There are countless explanations for bone breaks，" Dr， Donald C， Johanson， director of the Institute of Human Origins and one of the scientists who discovered Lucy， said， "The suggestion that she fell out of a tree is largely a just﹣so story and therefore unprovable． " Johanson said it was more likely that Lucy's breaks occurred long after she died， saying that "elephant bones appear to have the same kind of breaks， It's unlikely they fell out of a tree．
But the new research focused on "a small number of breaks" that are consistent with "high﹣energy bone﹣to﹣bone influences" and which differ from the sorts of breaks commonly seen in other collected bones． Kappelman responded in an email， "These appear to have occurred at or near the time of death． "
1.What can we infer about Lucy from Kappelman and Dr． Richard Ketcham's research？
A. She got her name from a song．
B. She had more than 35，000 slices．
C. She couldn't use her arms properly．
D. She made an effort to save herself．
2.What does the underlined word "plausible" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A. Reasonable．
B. Creative．
C. Surprising．
D. Unbelievable．
3.Which of the following would Johanson probably agree？
A. Elephants are unlikely to die from falling．
B. Lucy got breaks at or near the time of death．
C. Other reasons for the breaks should be considered．
D. Lucy's bone breaks differ from other bone breaks．
4.What conclusion can we draw from the passage？
A. Lucy didn't die from falling out of a tree．
B. The newly published study was meaningless．
C. The argument on how Lucy died will continue．
D. Scientists will find another way to solve the problem．
David Rees runs a truly distinctive business． He charges customers ﹩15 to sharpen their pencils to perfections， using a variety of tools．
I know what you're thinking ﹣ is this a joke？ The 39﹣year﹣old gets asked that question a lot． To clarify everything， he even created a special section on his website telling everyone he's actually providing a real service．
You can supply your own pencil or you can have Rees sharpen one of his own favorite 2B pencils． After that， he mails it to you in a display tube with the shavings in a separate bag， and an authentic certificate which just happens to mention the pencil is so sharp as to be a dangerous object．
To achieve the desired result， the master sharpener uses all kinds of tools， including general sandpapers， pocket knives and even a special﹩450 sharpening machine． "It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for，" he says． "That determines the most appropriate pencil﹣sharpening technique． Some customers buy pencils as inspirational symbols while others buy them because of their special memories of classic 2B pencils．"
﹩15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though， right？ You're not the only one who feels that way， and David's unique business has really angered lots of people， who talk of inequality in America， saying it is so insane for the wealthy to pay﹩15 to sharpen a pencil． But others will say， "This is just our urge to put an end to the welfare state because new ideas arise along with the business．"
David admits his trade is sort of unusual． But there are those who actually value his service， as proven by the over 500 orders he has gotten．
1.How could David make money by sharpening pencils？
A. He invented new tools for the job．
B. He promoted his skill on his website．
C. He saved lots of time for other people．
D. He provided quality service to his customers．
2.2 From his words， we can infer that David Rees ．
A. knows all kinds of pencil users
B. provides personalized services
C. values ideas behind the pencils
D. always write with pencils
3.What does the underlined word "insane"（in Paragraph 5）mean？
A. Deliberate．
B. Rewarding．
C. Unreasonable．
D. Irresponsible．
4.What seems to be the author's attitude to David Rees' trade？
A. It's a fancy service．
B. It has a good reputation．
C. It's awfully expensive．
D. It wastes time and money．
One time a young man，who hoped to study law，wrote to Lincoln for advice，and Lincoln replied，"If you are determined to make a lawyer of yourself，the thing is more than half done already．Always bear in mind that your own determination to succeed is more important than any other one thing．"
Lincoln knew．He had gone through it all．He had never，in his entire life，had more than a total of one year's schooling．And books？Lincoln once said he had walked to borrow every book w ithin fifty miles of his home．A fire was usually kept go ing all night in the small house and he read by the light of it．
He walked twenty or thirty miles to hear a speaker and，returning home，he practiced his talks everyw here﹣in the fields，in the woods，before the crowds．He joined several societies and practiced speaking on the topics of the day．
A lack of confidence always troubled him．In the presence of women he was shy and dumb．Even when he was in love with Mary Todd，he used to sit there，nervous and silent，unable to find words，listening while she did the talking．Yet that was the man who，by practice and home study，made himself into the speaker who debated with the famous speaker Douglas!That was the man who，in Gettysburg address，rose to the heights of eloquence （ 雄辩） that have seldom been achieved in all the human history．
Small wonder that，speaking of his own great barriers and painful struggle，he wrote，"If you are determined to make a lawyer of yourself，the thing is more than half done already．"
1.What does the underlined word"it"（in Paragraph 2）refer to？
A. Earning a fortune．
B. Making a living．
C. Asking for advice．
D. Becoming a law yer．
2.What is the key point of the fourth paragraph？
A. Lincoln's courage．
B. Lincoln's position．
C. Lincoln's progress．
D. Lincoln's eloquence．
3.What is the most vital spirit reflected in Lincoln's story above？
A. Believing in oneself．
B. Keeping on practicing hard．
C. Overcoming difficulties．
D. Sticking to one's determination．
