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Near the city of Yogyakarta in Java(爪哇岛)...

    Near the city of Yogyakarta in Java(爪哇岛)is not only one magnificent(宏伟的)monument, Borobudur(婆罗浮屠), but a second equally impressive one. Prambanan, the second monument, shares a remarkable number of things in common with Borobudur.

First, both huge temple complexes (建筑群) are thought to have been built at about the same time, around 850 AD. 1. Some historians think that both temples were created during the era of the Sailendra Dynasty

Second, in both cases, the temples appear to have been abandoned just after they were completed. Why were they left alone, isolated (被孤立) in the mountains of Java? 2. It certainly took a great deal of effort to build the monument, so why would their use come to a standstill(停止)without a very good reason?

3. Prior to efforts to restore and preserve them in the 1800s, they lay in ruins, covered with plants. Today, both Borobudur and Prambanan are UNESCO World Heritage sites, famous for their religious art.

Although there are so many similarities, there are important differences. For example, Prambanan, east of Yogyakarta, is a Hindu temple, while Borobudur, northwest of the city, is a Buddhist temple. 4. Overall, its individual (个别的) buildings are smaller than those of Borobudur. Borobudur sits on a hill and you can make it out from some distance. On the other hand, Prambanan is spread out over a flatter area. 5.

A. Perhaps it is due to the eruption of the volcano, Mount Merapi.

B. Borobudur and Prambanan each tell their sacred stories in vivid detail.

C. Borobudur temple is one of the best-preserved ancient monuments in Indonesia.

D. However, scholars are not completely sure about the exact dates of construction of either place.

E. Finally, you can go inside the Hindu temple, but you must admire the Buddhist one from the outside.

F. Borobudur is one huge structure with ten levels, but Prambanan is a group of eighteen temple buildings.

G. The third common factor is that both priceless monuments suffered a great deal of damage during the centuries when they were left alone.

 

1.D 2.A 3.G 4.F 5.E 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了两大佛教建筑群婆罗浮屠和普兰巴南的相似和不同之处。 1.上文说这两大建筑群被认为都在公元850年左右建成,下文又说一些历史学家认为它们都建于赛仑德拉王朝时期,此处说的应该是说人们对这两大建筑群建成时间的看法,故D项(然而学者们并不完全确定这两个地方确切的建造日期)符合语境。 2.根据本空前的“Why were they left alone, isolated (被孤立) in the mountains of Java?”可知,为什么它们被单独留在爪哇山区?此处是对前面的回答,故A项(也许是因为默拉皮火山的爆发)符合语境。 3.根据前面的“First”和“Second”可知,此处介绍的是普兰巴南和婆罗浮屠有许多共同之处的第三个原因,故G项(第三个共同因素是,这两座无价的历史遗迹在被遗弃的几个世纪里遭受了巨大的破坏)符合语境。 4.根据本段第一句“Although there are so many similarities, there are important differences.”可知,尽管有很多相似之处,但婆罗浮屠和普兰巴南也有不同之处,此处是举例说明二者的不同,故F项(婆罗浮屠是一个十层的巨大建筑,而普兰巴南是由十八座寺庙组成的建筑群)符合语境。 5.根据本空前的“Borobudur sits on a hill and you can make it out from some distance. On the other hand, Prambanan is spread out over a flatter area.”可知,婆罗浮屠坐落在一座山上,从远处就能看到,而普兰巴南位于更平坦的区域,此处承接上文,讲的是欣赏普兰巴南的情况,故E项(最后,你可以进入印度神庙,但你必须从外面欣赏佛教寺庙)符合语境。
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    Men are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University.

The effect of the celebrity role modelswho have given cooking a more manly picturehas combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.

According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershunywho runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.

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Some experts have named these men in aprons(围裙) as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of RamsayOliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh FearnleyWhittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd.

“I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later, I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never happen now.”

Twothirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the family meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table — with many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room, and shared by family members. “The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat — as I did when I was a child — at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format.”

1.What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?

A. The improvement of cooks’ status.

B. The influence of popular female chefs.

C. The change of female’ s view on cooking.

D. The development of sexual equality campaign.

2.What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?

A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.

B. Women spend much less time on cooking than before.

C. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women.

D. There is a sharp fall in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.

3.How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage?

A. It has become a thing of the past.

B. It is very different from what it used to be.

C. It shouldn’t be advised in modern times.

D. It is beneficial to the stability(稳定) of the family.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. The Changes of Family Meals B. Equality between Men and Women

C. Cooking into a New Trend for Men D. Cooking — a Thing of the Past for Women

 

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Generally speaking, zoo animals have a longer life. But — you may protest — they are not free. What? Free to be hunted and killed, free to die of hunger or thirst? Maybe sitting in a cage eating bananas isn’t so bad.

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A. Organising animal study projects and training zoo workers.

B. Checking zoo conditions and arranging animal exchanges.

C. Designing zoos and approving zoo operations.

D. Caring for ill animals and setting zoo standards.

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A. All of the zoo animals ought to be freed into the wild.

B. Zoos are much more popular now than those in the past years.

C. Zoo animals are a lot more restricted than in the past.

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One day the grandson asked, “Grandpa, I try to read the book just like you, but I don’t understand it, and I forget what I understand as soon as I close the book. What good does reading the book do?”

The grandpa quietly turned from putting coal in the stove and replied, “Take this coal basket down to the river and bring me back a basket of water.”

The boy did as he was told, but all the water leaked out before he got back to the house. The grandpa laughed and said, “You’ll have to move a little faster next time,” and sent him back to the river with the basket to try again. This time the boy ran faster, but again the basket was empty before he returned. Out of breath, he told his grandpa that it was impossible to carry water in a basket, so he went to get a bucket instead. The grandpa said, “I don’t want a bucket of water; I want a basket of water. You’re just not trying hard enough.” The boy again dipped the basket into the river and ran hard, but when he reached his grandpa the basket was empty again. Out of breath, he said, “Grandpa, it’s useless!”

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C. To clean the dirty basket in the river. D. To train him to run faster.

3.What lesson can we learn from the story?

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4.What can be the best title for the text?

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