Question

    If you were to travel anywhere in the globe— even to visit remote tribes (部落人) who have little contact with the larger world — would people be able to read your emotions from your facial expressions and would you be able to read theirs?

Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that basic facial expressions are universal — suggesting that they are hard-wired within us as the product of natural selection. In other words, you would know if someone looked happy, or sad, etc., wherever you were in the world.

Since Darwin’s day, researchers have, indeed, traveled to faraway corners of the world to test the “universality theory”. Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at UC San Francisco and inspiration for the TV show Lie To Me, reported that even Fore tribesmen of New Guinea could look at photos of people from other cultures and identify what emotions were displaying.

Since Ekman’s work, other papers have tested the universality theory and occasionally challenged it. Rachael Jack of the University of Glasgow and co-authors used computer graphics to produce facial animations (动画). They then showed these animations to 15 Western Caucasian people far away from countryside and 15 East Asian from modern cities. They were asked to divide the facial expressions into groups.

This is what they found: They did get six groups from the Western Caucasians. But the results between emotion groups from the East Asians were complexed. They believe this suggests modern cultural factors have a greater influence than before.

1.Charles Darwin held the view in his book that ________.

A. facial expressions are understood by all

B. facial expressions are easy to read

C. man and animals share the same emotions

D. some facial expressions can cause confusion

2.According to the third paragraph, Fore tribesmen of New Guinea ________.

A. were confused by the photos

B. read the facial expressions in wrong ways

C. could recognize the basic facial expressions

D. had different facial expressions from city people

3.Since Darwin, all papers have tested the “universality theory” and _______.

A. no authors have agreed

B. all authors have found the same results

C. some papers have been lost

D. some authors have expressed different ideas

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：central point   P1-P3: Point 1-Point 3   SP： sub-point    C: Conclusion

A.  B.

C.  D.

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文，达尔文提出基本的面部表情是具有普遍性的，研究人员对这种情绪的“普遍性理论”进行了各种测试，也有人提出了质疑。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that basic facial expressions are universal. In other words, you would know if someone looked happy, or sad, etc., wherever you were in the world.”可知，达尔文提出基本的面部表情是具有普遍性的，也就是说，不管你在哪里都可以知道别人是开心还是伤心等，面部表情是所有人都能理解的，故选A项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“reported that even Fore tribesmen of New Guinea could look at photos of people from other cultures and identify what emotions were displaying.”可知，即使是新几内亚的前部落成员，在看了来自不同文化的人的照片后，也可以判断照片里的人的情绪，这说明他们可以辨认基本的面部表情，故选C项。

3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Since Ekman's work, other papers have tested the universality theory and occasionally challenged it.”可知，偶尔会有人挑战“普遍性理论”，提出不同的观点，故选D项。

4.推理判断题。本题为判断文章的结构，本文第一段为中心段，介绍了本文主题——面部表情，第二段讲述的是达尔文的“普遍性理论”，紧接着第三段进一步介绍了“普遍性理论”的相关测试，第四段介绍有人提出了不同观点并做了实验，最后一段总结了实验的发现，所以二三段为一部分，四五段为一部分，第一段为总起段，故选D项。