Question

    A high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜) is generally expected to protect the skin from harmful rays, but it isn’t. A new research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤) and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to pull on a shirt, apply some sunscreen and put on a hat.

1.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?

A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B. It will protect them from sunburn.

C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D. It will work for people of any skin color.

2.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people？

A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B. High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

3.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates？

A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

Answer

1.B

2.D

3.A

【解析】

本文为说明文。本文叙述了防晒霜通常被认为可以保护皮肤免受有害射线的伤害，但事实并非如此。研究表明防晒霜是否能保护皮肤还存在着争议，但是综合使用防晒霜和皮肤遮盖措施能够降低黑瘤发病率。因此夏天出门还是要涂上防晒霜，戴上帽子的好。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句“A high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)is generally expected to protect the skin from harmful rays,…”可知，人们普通认为防晒系数较高的防晒霜可以保护皮肤免受有害射线的侵害，故选B。

2.推理判断题。文章第二段首句指出“There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas---the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer”可知，对于防晒霜减少黑瘤的有效性一直存在争议；第二句“A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.”则举例说明，提到2011年澳大利亚一项涉及1，621人的研究发现，随机抽取的每天使用防晒霜的人群患黑瘤的几率是需要时才使用面霜的人群的一半。由此可知，根据此项研究，每天使用防晒霜的确能够降低患黑瘤的几率，即坚持使用防晒霜是有一定效果的，故答案为D。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句提到“The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates”(综合使用防晒霜和皮肤遮盖措施能够降低黑瘤发病率)，第二句据此提出作者自己的观点和建议：如果今年夏天有热浪，我们也最好套上T恤，抹上防晒霜，并且扣上帽子。作者建议既要注意遮盖也要注意使用防晒霜。故答案为A。