Question

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Happy, angry, amazed – these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we’re sending a message on our smartphones! That’s why many of us now add little pictures to our texts to brighten up someone’s mobile screen but we’re also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we’re feeling. Yes, emojis have become a vital tool for communication.

The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has dramatically increased since then and now we have a picture for every mood or situation.

So now we have the option to give this new creation the visual “thumbs-up” but have you thought why we’ve become so addicted to using emojis? Professor Vyv Evans has written a book called The Emoji Code. He says, “Increasingly, what we’re finding is that digital communication is taking over from certain aspects of face-to-face interaction. One of the reasons emojis are so interesting is that they really do enable us to express our emotional selves much more effectively.” So emojis are a sort of replacement for the visual signals or non-verbal clues we normally give when we speak to someone face-to-face.

Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language – they don’t use words but tell a message in the form of pictures so they can be easily understood whatever your native language is. However, the emojis you send need some thought as they can sometimes be misunderstood – if a friend sends you an emoji of a hammer, you may think he is angry when really he is saying he has hurt himself or he is clumsy!

Emojis are a good way for showing common emotions. But as linguist Neil Cohn says, “To many, emojis are an exciting development of the way we communicate; To others, they are extinction of language.” It does show there is a lot more to our communication than words alone but does this mean the decline in traditional writing?

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Answer

Emojis have become important in communication. Since the creation in Japan in the 1990s, their number has risen so sharply that now each emotion has a corresponding emoji. They replace non-verbal languages in face-to-face communication due to its efficiency in conveying feelings while emojis can cause misunderstanding：they add color to communication, they may indicate the weakening of traditional writing.

【解析】

这是一篇概要写作。

写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了表情符号在交流中的重要地位，历史演变过程以及表情符号的优点与它可能会造成的一些问题。

2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。本文第一描写表情符号在如今交流中的运用；第二段描写表情符号的历史演变进程；第三、四段描写表情符号的优点；第五段描写表情符号的运用可能会产生的一些问题和缺点。

3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。本文中要点有三：第一，介绍表情符号的地位；第二，表情符号的历史演变；第三，表情符号的优点；第四，表情符号会造成的问题。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。