Question

    Let us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance of artificial  intelligence. AlphaGo，

DeepMind’s Go-playing AI，just defeated the best Go-playing human，Lee Sedol. But as we drink to its success. we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the future.

The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that. in order to win against a player like Lee. AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human—like style of gameplay by using a relatively recent development--deep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets，“machine learning”algorithms （计算程序） and deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo，DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.

Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss，Lee described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis. one of DeepMind's founders，echoed this comment：“We're very pleased that AlphaGo played some quite surprising and beautiful moves. ”

Unpredictability and surprises are—or can be—a good thing. They can indicate that a system is working well，perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creation's behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though some loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go，it raises urgent questions elsewhere.

How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations，governments，experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them，have emerged in response，but remain unanswered. They require human，not human - like，solutions.

So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.

1.What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game?

A. The capability of self-improvement.

B. The constant input of large data sets.

C. The installation of deep neutral networks.

D. The knowledge of Go rules and strategies.

2.A potential danger of Al is _____.

A. the loss of human control    B. the friendly relationship

C. the fierce competition    D. the lack of challenge

3.How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?

A. We should stop AI machines from developing even further.

B. We should call on the government to solve these problems for us.

C. We should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.

D. We should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.

4.What's the author’s attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?

A. Supportive.    B. Optimistic.

C. Doubtful.    D. Cautious.

Answer

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. D

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。这篇文章作者结合人工智能AlphaGo战胜韩国棋手李世石的围棋比赛展开，阐述了AI的运作原理以及作者的思考．

1.推理判断题。答案定位在第二段Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.可知，AI的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选A。

2.细节理解题。答案定位在第四段However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control.可知，不可预测性也表明失去了人类的控制，故选A。

3.推理判断题。答案定位在第五段They require human，not human - like，solutions.可知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选C。

4.细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.

可知作者对于AI的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。A. Supportive.支持的； B. Optimistic.乐观的；C. Doubtful.可疑的；D. Cautious.谨慎的，故选D。