Question

    No one has a temper naturally so good, that it does not need attention and cultivation, and no one has a temper so bad, but that, by proper culture, it may become pleasant. One of the best disciplined tempers ever seen, was that of a gentleman who was naturally quick, irritable, rash, and violent; but, by taking care of the sick, and especially of mentally deranged(疯狂的) people, he so completely mastered himself that he was never known to be thrown off his guard.

There is no misery so constant, so upsetting, and so intolerable to others, as that of having a character which is your master. There are corners at every turn in life, against which we may run, and at which we may break out in impatience, if we choose.

Look at Roger Sherman, who rose from a humble occupation to a seat in the first Congress of the United States, and whose judgment was received with great respect by that body of distinguished men. He made himself master of his temper and cultivated it as a great business in life. There are one or two instances which show this part of his character in a light that is beautiful.

One day, after having received his highest honors, he was sitting and reading in his sitting room. A student, in a room close by, held a looking-glass in such a position as to pour the reflected rays of the sun directly in Mr Shermanˈs face. He moved his chair, and the thing was repeated. A third time the chair was moved, but the looking-glass still reflected the sun in his eyes. He laid aside his book, went to the window, and many witnesses of the rude behavior expected to see the ungentlemanly student severely punished. He raised the window gently, and then—shut the window blind!

I can not help providing another instance of the power he had acquired over himself. He was naturally possessed of strong passions, but over these he at length obtained an extraordinary control. He became habitually calm and self-possessed. Mr Sherman was one of those men who are not ashamed to maintain the forms of religion in their families. One morning he called them all together as usual to lead them in prayer to God. The "old family Bible" was brought out and laid on the table.

Mr Sherman took his seat and placed beside him one of his children, a child of his old age. The rest of the family were seated around the room, several of whom were now grown-ups. Besides these, some of the tutors of the college were boarders in the family and were present at the time. His aged mother occupied a corner of the room, opposite the place where the distinguished Judge sat.

At length, he opened the Bible and began to read. The child who was seated beside him made some little disturbance, upon which Mr Sherman paused and told it to be still. Again he continued but again he had to pause to scold the little offender, whose playful character would scarcely permit it to be still. At this time he gently tapped its ear. The blow, if blow it might be called, caught the attention of his aged mother, who now with some effort rose from the seat and tottered across the room. At length, she reached the chair of Mr Sherman, and in a moment, most unexpectedly to him, she gave him a blow on the ear with all the force she could gather. “There,” said she, “you strike your child, and I will strike mine.”

For a moment, the blood was seen mounting to the face of Mr Sherman. But it was only for a moment and all was calm and mild as usual. He paused; he raised his glasses; he cast his eye upon his mother; again it fell upon the book from which he had been reading. Not a word escaped him; but again he calmly pursued the service, and soon sought in prayer an ability to set an example before his household which should be worthy of their imitation. Such a victory was worth more than the proudest one ever achieved on the field of battle.

1.The following sentence should be put at the beginning of Paragraph _______.

​The difference in the happiness which is received by the man who governs his temper and that by the man who does not is dramatic(戏剧性的，巨大的).

A. Five B. Four

C. Three D. Two

2.How is the passage mainly developed?

A. By analyzing reasons. B. By listing arguments.

C. By giving examples. D. By comparing facts.

3.What was Roger Shermanˈs attitude towards his aged mother?

A. Tolerant. B. Skeptical

C. Grateful. . D. Sympathetic.

4.What can we learn about Roger Sherman?

A. He came from a distinguished family background.

B. He was not good at displaying his true inner feelings.

C. He severely punished a student who didnˈt behave himself.

D. He was a man conscious of the consequences of his behavior.

5.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A. Mr Sherman was ashamed of his motherˈs behavior.

B. Mr Sherman was then on the point of exploding.

C. Mr Shermanˈs face was covered with blood.

D. Mr Sherman was seeking strength in prayer.

6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Treasure your Bible.

B. Save your self-esteem.

C. Mind your manners.

D. Control your temper.

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.B

6.D

【解析】

本文为说明文。人的脾气不是天生就是好的。通过适当的文化修养训练，脾气不好的可以变好，并通过例子来证明。本文对控制自己脾气的人和不控制自己脾气的人进行了对比，从而得出二者所获得的幸福差异很大，控制好自己脾气的会获得幸福和别人的尊重。所以我们要控制自己的情绪。

1.篇章结构题。本文第一段就人的脾气可以通过后天的文化修养变得好。第二段未能控制好脾气的人会因此痛苦。从第三段用例子来说证明，控制好的人脾气和未能控制好脾气的人的差异。由此可判断出第二段提出控制和未控制好脾气的人二者的区别。题目中的“The difference in the happiness which is received by the man who governs his temper and that by the man who does not is dramatic”的句意“控制自己脾气的人和不控制自己脾气的人所获得的幸福感的差异是戏剧性的”可知，应当放在第二段前面，故选D项。

2.篇章结构题。分析文章可知，文章的第一和第二段提出观点，接着用 Roger Sherman的事例来证明，可知本文以举例展开的。分析选项可知C项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，当谢尔曼他们在祈祷时，他最小的孩子因为调皮被谢尔曼先生轻轻拍了，引起了年迈的母亲不满并打了他一巴掌，谢尔曼先生涨红了脸；片刻之后，一切又恢复了往常的平静。谢尔曼先生停下来看了看老母亲，转而视线又回到了他刚在看的书上。他什么也没说，只是继续平静地进行仪式。由此可知谢尔曼对他年迈的母亲是宽容的，分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后的内容received with great respect by that body of distinguished men.He made himself master of his temper and cultivated it as a great business in life. There are one or two instances which show this part of his character in a light that is beautiful. 可知，“他受人尊重是因为他做自己脾气的主人不受脾气所左右，毕生都把培养自己的好脾气当做一件大事来看待。有一两个例子可以充分看出他这种出色的性格”。接着从第四段一直至最后用事例来他一生都在控制自己的脾气，并给家人树立了值是人效仿的好榜样（set an example before his household which should be worthy of their imitation）。可知他是一个知道自己行为后果的人。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。

5.推理判断题。根据句中的转折连词but可知，前后意思是相反的。“For a moment, the blood was seen mounting to the face of Mr Sherman. But it was only for a moment and all was calm and mild as usual.” “有一瞬间，谢尔曼涨红了脸。但这只是一瞬间，一切都像往常一样平静而温和”。可知前面一句是不平静，可知是生气了，涨红了脸。分析选选项（A. 谢尔曼为他母亲的行为感到羞愧；B. 谢尔曼当时就要爆炸了；C. 谢尔曼的脸上满是血；D. 谢尔曼在祈祷中寻求力量）可知B就是生气的意思，故B项符合题意。

6.主旨大意题。本文的第一段叙述了没有人天生就有一个好脾气的，脾气不好的人只要恰当培养训练，坏脾气也能变好。 第二段到最后用事例证明人能控制好自己的脾气，控制好脾气的人会得到幸福的，因此要控制好自己的脾气。而且文章反复出现的单词是temper，且有词disciplined tempers，mastered himself，made himself master of his temper，这些词都与D项中的control temper是同义词。根据以上的分析可知B项（控制你的脾气）符合题意，故选D项。