Question

    Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients( 受领者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.

Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.

---“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize? ”

---“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about --- that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized? ”

Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.

The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus will mean the focus in future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.

1.Which of the following best explains “ground-breaking” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A. active B. talented

C. creative D. awesome

2.What do we know about Professor Strickland’s achievement?

A. She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.

B. She advocated equality between man and women.

C. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.

D. She invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools .

3.When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to woman?

A. in 1963 B. in 1985

C. in 1903 D. in 1958

4.What can be inferred from the statements in paragraph 4 ?

A. Woman’s achievements in physics are as great as man’s.

B. Woman’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.

C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.

D. Gender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.D

4.B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一。她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。女人在物理方面的成就越来越了不起。

1.词义猜测题。根据第二段中She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics.“她和其他获奖者因诺贝尔委员会所称的激光物理学的突破性发明而获奖。”由此推知，划线词的意思是“具有创造力的”。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段中Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.“斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法。”可知，她发明了一种利用激光作为精确切割工具的方法。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段中Professor Strickland is one of the recipients( 受领者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time.“斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，当时她的博士导师杰拉德·穆鲁(Gerard Mourou)也在该奖之列。”第三段中that why should it take 60 years?“那为什么要花60年?”和第四段中The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre.“上一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是出生于德国的玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶尔(Maria Goeppert-Mayer)，她因发现原子核而获奖。在此之前，玛丽居里(Marie Curie)和丈夫皮埃尔(Pierre)共同获得1903年诺贝尔和平奖。”由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据第四段中Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.“物理学仍然是科学领域性别差距最大的学科之一。最近的一项研究得出的结论是，按照目前的速度，要过两个多世纪，这个领域才会有同等数量的资深男性和女性研究人员。”可知，女人在物理方面的成就越来越了不起。故选B。