The popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a network of safety ropes, but it is not the only kind. Many climbers now enjoy bouldering. It’s more accessible and better for the environment.
What is bouldering? Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes. | |
Why boulder? improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics places to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to find less time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing intellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problems | Bouldering Terms crimp: a very small handhold foothold: a place where one may place a foot to aid in climbing boulder jug： a very large handhold that is easy to use problem:The path up a boulder is referred to as the "problem"that one must solve. The " solutionis the sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder. |
Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem.
Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The left one appears easier because it has a jug within easy reach, but look what happens if she chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is even more difficult than going up.
Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. Using a foothold and placing her righ hand in a crimp, she is able to lift herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.
1.What can we leam about bouldering?
A. It is a popular indoor sport.
B. It is a kind of climbing without ropes,
C. It needs maps and equipment.
D. It is a steep cliff climbing.
2.Why does bouldering become popular?
A. Because it challenges the limits. B. Because it is not readily available.
C. Because it builds minds and bodies. D. Because it ia a team game.
3.According to the example, what is the right route usually like?
A. It is a shortcut. B. It a dead end.
C. It is tough but to the top. D. It is lined with jugs.
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否到中国工作询问你的意见。请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：
1. 建议他可以来中国；
2. 阐述你的三条理由；
3. 承诺可提供帮助。
注意：1.词数不少于100字;
2.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me last week.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
阅读表达
Tim Harris, a young man with Down’s syndrome(唐氏综合症), hasn’t let his disability stop him from opening a restaurant in New Mexico.
Tim’s Place, a restaurant in Albuquerque, New Mexico, serves up traditional diner favorites such as blueberry pancakes, bacon, eggs, and cheeseburgers—all with hugs. Considered as the “world’s friendliest restaurant,” it has served more than 32,400 hugs to hungry customers. The restaurant’s owner, Tim Harris, has made it his mission to hug every visitor who comes in.
Harris, who has Down’s syndrome, has never let his disability get in his way. Since age 14, he’s promised to own a restaurant. He got a part-time job and worked as a restaurant host when he was in high school, and then graduated from Eastern New Mexico University with certificates in Food Service and Office Skills. After that, with his family’s help and support, Harris’ childhood dream became a reality. Alongside the Mexican and traditional American food, Tim’s Place’s menu offers “calorie-free” and “guilt-free” hugs.
“I love giving all the customers a hug because I want them to feel comfortable and connected and being around friends,” Harris told Albuquerque The Magazine. Customers seem to love it too. Many of the regulars have been going every week ever since the restaurant opened. To his family’s knowledge, Harris is the only restaurant owner in the United States with Down’s syndrome. But they’re hoping he won’t be the last.
Harris wants to show other people with disabilities what’s possible. “We’ve had several families with young children with disabilities who have come in or written, saying they never thought this would be possible for their sons or daughters. It’s altering the way they’re thinking as they’re raising their young children.” Harris’ mother, Jeanne, told KRQE News 13.
1.Why is Tim’s Place called the “world’s friendliest restaurant”? (no more than 8 words)
2.What is the customers’ attitude towards Harris’ service? (no more than 5 words)
3.What message does Harris want to deliver to the disabled? (no more than 10 words)
4.What does the underlined word “altering” in Paragraph 5 mean? (1 word)
5.Would you like to have breakfast in Tim’s restaurant? Why? (no more than 15 words)
For as long as there have been gifts, we naturally make choices based on the recipient (接受者). But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the recipient happier?
In 2015, psychologists Lauren Human and Lara Aknin conducted an online survey, which suggested that when people buy gifts, they prefer to choose something based on the recipient’s personality and tastes. Most people also said that they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them.
But Human and Aknin wondered if this approach to giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So they sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “reveals(揭示) your knowledge of the recipient” while the others set out to buy a card that “reveals your true self”. After the purchase, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling emotionally closer to their mothers.
To find out how that approach goes down with recipients, the psychologists did another test, asking more than 100 students to choose a song on iTunes to give to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group received the same instructions as the card buyers. Results revealed that recipients of songs that revealed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind.
Human and Aknin suggest it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the underlying (潜在的) goal” of a gift and surely it should be—then we “may well be advised to offer more self-reflective gifts”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely suit the recipient’s practical needs or tastes as one acquired purely with that in mind.
Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act, the psychologists added. Because it reduces the risk of revealing poor knowledge of a recipient by attempting to buy something that fits their character—and failing.
But a note of caution here: what the research does not examine is the potential risk in repeated, unsympathetic giver-centered giving, which, according to Human and Aknin “could signal self-obsession” —and nobody wants to reveal that about themselves.
1.From the Mother’s Day card test, we can conclude that .
A. gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver
B. most people choose gifts with the recipient in mind
C. most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes
D. gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the recipient
2.What do the underlined words “them, them” refer to in order of appearance?
A. The recipients; the givers. B. The givers; the recipients.
C. The givers; the givers. D. The recipients; the recipients.
3.What does the author think is the significance of gift giving?
A. Making the giver’s life happier.
B. Showing one’s knowledge of the recipient.
C. Establishing and strengthening social connections.
D. Meeting the recipient’s practical needs.
4.Which of the following is Human and Aknin’s advice on gift giving?
A. Choose gifts that reflect more of yourself.
B. Just focus on your own tastes when choosing gifts.
C. Buy something that fits the recipient’s character most.
D. Be careful not to signal your true personality.
5.Which is the best title of this passage?
A. The tradition of gift giving. B. The purpose of gift giving.
C. The effect of gift giving. D. The psychology of gift giving.
Tiny microbes(微生物) are at the heart of a new agricultural technique to manage harmful greenhouse gas. Scientists have discovered how microbes can be used to turn carbon dioxide into soil-enriching limestone(石灰石), with the help of a type of tree that grows in tropical areas, such as West Africa.
Researchers have found that when the Iroko tree is grown in dry, acidic soil and treated with a combination of natural fungi(霉菌) and other bacteria, not only does the tree grow well, it also produces the mineral limestone in the soil around its root.
The Iroko tree makes a mineral by combining Ca from the earth with CO2 from the atmosphere. The bacteria then create the conditions under which this mineral turns into limestone. The discovery offers a new way to lock carbon into the soil, keeping it out of the atmosphere. In addition to storing carbon in the trees’ leaves and in the form of limestone, the mineral in the soil makes it more suitable for agriculture.
The discovery could lead to reforestation(重新造林) projects in tropical countries, and help reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the developing world. It has already been used in West Africa and is being tested in Bolivia, Haiti and India.
The findings were made in a three-year project involving researchers from the Universities of Edinburgh, Granada, Lausanne and Delft University of Technology. The project examined several microbiological methods of locking CO2 as limestone, and the Iroko-bacteria way showed best results. Work was funded by the European Commission under the Future&Emerging Technologies(FET) scheme.
Dr Bryne Ngwenya of the University of Edinburgh’s School of GeoSciences, who led the research, said:“By taking advantage of this natural limestone-producing process, we have a low-tech, safe, readily employed and easily operating way to lock carbon out of the atmosphere, while improving farming conditions in tropical countries.”
1.The passage is mainly introducing .
A. some useful natural fungi and bacteria
B. a new way to deal with greenhouse gas
C. a newly-found tree in West Africa
D. the soil-enriching limestone created by scientists
2.Which of the following is True about tiny microbes?
A. Most tiny microbes like living in dry, acidic soil.
B. CO2 can be broken down by natural fungi and bacteria.
C. The more greenhouse gas is, the more active tiny microbes become.
D. Tiny microbes get along well with the Iroko tree in special soil.
3.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A. Carbon dioxide.
B. Carbon.
C. Soil.
D. Limestone.
4.According to the passage, what can we infer?
A. The action of the tiny microbes can increase the oxygen in the earth.
B. Researchers have done the experiment on trees in Africa for three years.
C. Researchers tend to use natural power to solve their problem.
D. West Africa is one of the most polluted areas all over the world.
5.According to the passage, the Iroko-bacteria method .
A. can be used to improve the farming land
B. can save a lot of seriously destroyed woods
C. has been popularized in Bolivia, Haiti and India
D. should be spread all around the world in the future
Susan Sontag (1933—2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything—to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.
Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong mottos, but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poorly-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In Notes Camp, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little-known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. Notes on Camp, she wrote, represents “a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’”.
By conviction(信念) she was a sensualist(感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward. In Illness as Metaphor—published in 1978, after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed (被压抑的) personalities, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old concepts was her lifelong habit.
In America, her story of a 19th century Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000. But what made her achieve lasting fame was a tireless, all-purpose cultural view.
“Sometimes,” she once said, “I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending… is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too.
1.It is implied but not stated in the first paragraph that Sontag .
A. was a symbol of American cultural life
B. developed world literature, film and arts
C. published many essays about world culture
D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture
2.She first won her name through .
A. publishing essays in magazines like Partisan Review
B. her story of a Polish actress
C. her explanation of a set of difficult understandings
D. her book Illness as Metaphor
3.From the works Susan published in the 1970s and 1980s, we can learn that .
A. she was more of a moralist than a sensualist
B. she was more of a sensualist than a moralist
C. she believed repressed personalities mainly led to illness
D. She would like to re-examine old positions
4.According to the passage, Susan Sontag would agree to the ideas except .
A. We should try hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art.
B. Cancer can be defeated because it is a special problem of repressed personalities.
C. ‘Form’ should be over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ should be over ‘morals’.
D. We should defend the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. A lifelong motto: seriousness.
B. Susan Sontag is the symbol of American culture.
C. How Susan Sontag became famous.
D. An introduction to Susan Sontag and her motto.
