The palm - forward (掌心向外) "V" sign, formed by raising and spreading the wrist two fingers, has three different meanings in American culture.
The most popular meaning of the "V" sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi occupation, he came up with the single letter "V", which stood not only for his own first name, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the gesture meant simply" victory " .
The second meaning came in the 1960s. Because of its military implication, American antiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically (讽刺地) against the arms, so that it became known as the "peace sign". In the 1970s, the "W' sign, which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers , acid heads, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it no longer gave clue to the user's philosophy.
The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put " V" , which resembles "horns", behind friends-heads in group snapshot. They are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called "horns of the Devil", is a variant of the European "horns" gesture, which is obscene （猥亵的). Here the "w' sign means "Your wife has been cheating on you or, when placed behind another's head, his wife has been cheating on him. "
In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm - backward version ; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American "finger". Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the mean usage, he gave the palm - backward "V" to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher repeated Churchill's error after her victory in the 1979 election.
1.What's the most popular meaning of the "V" sign?
A. Victory, B. Peace.
C. Cheat. D. Freedom.
2.Why did Churchill get some surprised stares according to the last paragraph?
A. He was proud of his troops.
B. He had wanted to be a hermit.
C. He wasn't insensible of the mean usage of the "V" sign.
D. He wanted to show congratulations to British troops.
3.What can be learned from the text?
A. The "V" sign simply means victory since 1941.
B. The "V" sign meaning peace was invented by a Belgian.
C. Thatcher made the same error as Churchill after her successful election.
D. American antiwar protestors used the sign to greet among freedom lovers.
4.What can we conclude from the passage?
A. It's never too old to learn.
B. Think well before you speak.
C. Actions speak louder than words.
D. Try to know culture diversity fully and regionally.
Would you go to war for your country? Millions of people do. But occasionally, some refuse to fight. They're known as conscientious objectors(拒服兵役者). One of the most famous from the USA is Muhammad Ali.
Muhammad Ali was a professional boxer and one of the most outstanding sports figures of the 20th century. He was born on 17th January 1942 in Louisville ( Kentucky) and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old. At the age of 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavy-weight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. He turned professional later that year. At the age of 22, he became the world heavyweight champion.
In 1965, he converted to Islam(伊斯兰教) and officially changed his name to Muhammad Ai. Shortly after, he was called up for military service to fight in the Vietnam War. He was firmly against the idea. "My enemy is the white people, not the Viet Cong(越共) ," he explained. "You may oppose when I want freedom. You may oppose when I want justice. You may oppose when I want equality…You want me to go somewhere and fight, but you won't even stand up for me here at home?"
After refusing to enlist during a sign - up ceremony in April 1967, Muhammad was arrested.
He was found guilty of draft evasion, and deprived of his boxing titles. As a result, he didn't fight from March 1967 to October 1970. He later became a symbol of the anti - war movement and racial injustice. In 1971, his conviction was overturned by the US Supreme Court. Muhammad Ali died on 3rd June 2016.
1.When was Ali awarded the world heavyweight champion?
A. In 1960. B. In 1965.
C. In 1964. D. In 1967.
2.From what Ali said, we can infer that _ .
A. He felt uncomfortable at home
B. He was afraid of fighting in the war
C. He changed his name because of the war
D. He didn't get treated fairly because of his color
3.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "enlist" ?
A. Accept the invitation. B. Join the army.
C. Take up boxing. D. Attend the meeting.
4.Why did Ali stop boxing from 1967 t0 1970?
A. He wasn't allowed to box. B. He was too weak to box.
C. He served in the army. D. He wanted to have a break.
Myrbetriq is a prescription（处方）medication for adults used to treat the following symptoms due to a condition called overactive bladder:
●Urge urinary incontinence: a strong need to urinate with leaking or wetting accidents.
●Urgency: a strong need to urinate right away.
●Frequency: urinating often.
It is not known if Myrbetriq is safe and effective in children.
Before you take Myrbetriq, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
●have liver problems or kidney problems.
●have very high uncontrolled blood pressure.
●have trouble emptying your bladder or you have a weak urine stream.
●are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
●are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
Take Myrbetriq exactly as your doctor tells you to:
●Take l Myrbetriq tablet l time a day.
●Take Myrbetriq with water and swallow the tablet whole. Dot chew, break, or crush the tablet.
●Take Myrbetriq with or without food.
Special attention
●If you miss a dose of Myrbetriq, begin taking Myrbetriq again the next day.
●If you take too much Myrbetriq, call your doctor or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.
Myrbetriq may cause serious side effects including:
●increased blood pressure | ●dizziness |
●common cold symptoms | ●joint pain |
●dry mouth | ●headache |
●flu symptoms | ●constipation |
●urinary tract infection | ●sinus ( sinus irritation) |
●back pain | ●inflammation of the bladder ( cystitis) |
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Myrbetriq. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at l -800 - FDA -1088.
Storage requirements:
●Store Myrbetriq between 59°F to 86°F (15℃ to30℃). Keep the bottle closed.
●Safely throw away medicine that is out of date or no longer needed.
●Keep Myrbetriq and all medicines out of the reach of children.
1.Who is not suitable for this medicine?
A. Grown-ups. B. Children.
C. Women. D. Old people. .
2.In which situation do you need to tell the doctor before taking Myrbetriq?
A. Being a would-be mother. B. Going to take an exam.
C. Having heart & lung problems. D. Suffering mild high blood pressure.
3.How should you store Myrbetriq?
A. Reserve it in the freezing chamber. B. Keep it away from children.
C. Store it with the bottle open. D. Preserve it as you like.
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tim的生日即将到来，你给他寄了一套关于中国春节的邮票作为生日礼物。请你用英语给他写一封邮件。
要点包括： 1.祝贺生日； 2．介绍邮票内容。
注意：1．词数100左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours ,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之问交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中有10处语言错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Recently I sent a postcard to my sister who was living in other town. My sister didn't receive them and l was wondering why. Then one moming the postman brings a letter for me. It was from a girl who name I had never seen before.I looked the address and suddenly I realized what had happened to my sister's postcard. This girl lived in the same town and street as my sister, and in a different house.I must have written the wrongly address on the postcard. She explained in a letter that I had put my address on the card so that she decided to write to me.1 wrote back to her and quickly we became good fiiend.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
Two new satellites of the BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System (BDS)1.(send) into space from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on November 19, 2018.
The satellites entered the orbk2.(safe) more than three hours later and will work with 17 other BDS-3 satellites already in space. They are also the 42nd and 43rd3.(member) of the BDS satellite family. China launched these satellites with4.aim of providing navigation services for countries and regions5.participate in the Belt and Road Initiative（倡议） by the end of 2018. This is a key step for BDS developing6.a Chinese experimental system to a regional and then a7.(globe) navigation system. The positioning8.(accurate) of the BDS-3 system has been improved to 5 meters.9.(name) after the Chinese term for the Plough（北斗七星），the BeiDou system has been serving China for 18 years. The system is expected 10.(provide) first-class servlces around the globe by the end of 2020.
