It began as a game: High school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer talents soon gained the name "hackers".
Police arrested a few hackers, but many went on to even more complex hacking. One of them was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later he used a phone to change a police officer's credit records to get back at the officer for arresting him. He also used a computer to change his college records to give himself better grades.
As hackers gained experience, they began invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses. In one case a hacker instructed an airline' s computer to give him free airplane tickets.
The U.S. government is worried that hackers may break into its networks of defense computers. The government's secrets are easily attacked because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can get into.
In November 1988, a college student entered a U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected a computer program that made copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use viruses to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case, government officials shut down the network before the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself in to the police and he was charged with a crime.
The incident put the spotlight on computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers.
The U.S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defense computers.
Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most outstanding minds in the U.S. will be working to frustrate the attempts of computer hackers.
1.What did the first hackers do?
A. They broke into government computers. B. They destroyed airplane ticket systems.
C. They played computer games. D. They made free phone calls.
2.Why can U.S. government computers be easily hacked into?
A. They have no defense systems. B. They are connected by telephone lines.
C. They are partly accessible to the public. D. They lack complex processing programs.
3.What happened to the government computers in November 1988?
A. They lost all of the important data.
B. They were shut down by researchers.
C. They were invaded by a college student.
D. They got totally ruined by a computer program.
4.What did companies decide to do to protect their computer systems?
A. Employ computer talents. B. Build secret defense systems.
C. Ask the government for help. D. Collect and analyze the data of hackers.
In recent years I have had two very good roles on television: Florence, the wisecracking maid on the series The Jeffersons, and Mary, the mother who holds things together on 227. But 17 years ago, in 1972 when I was just getting started in theater work, I thought I’d never make it as an actress. For that matter, I couldn’t even hold my life together or afford a home of my own.
Back then I had about as much self-confidence as a chicken in a fox’s nest. I was recovering from surgery and had been off work for six months from my job as a United Airlines reservations agent. I’d had some bit parts in local theater groups, but those came and went, not leading to anything bigger.
Worse, as a single mother with three youngsters, I had no place to live. My children were staying with their father while I recovered in an aunt’s apartment. Lying in bed, staring hopelessly at the wall, I didn’t know what to do or where to turn.
Then one Sunday morning I aimlessly turned on the television set, and there were actor Robert Young and his wife talking about their faith. I sat right up in bed. They said, “ When one door closes, a better one opens,” Well, I wasn’t going to just sit staring at the closed one. So I got up and trudged(跋涉) on. Even if my shoes wore out, I decided, my faith wouldn’t.
Later, when I began filling small parts in television productions, that self-confidence showed. I’d always done my best to play the role as I thought the director wanted, but now I found myself freer to interpret it, I was more natural, more me.
1.What do the underlined words “ hold my life together” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Enjoy my life B. Support myself
C. Abandon my life D. Fight against my life
2.How did the author feel when she worked in the local theater?
A. Confident B. Excited
C. Nervous D. Disappointed
3.What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3?
A. She lived in her own apartment B. She had to stay with her father
C. She was confused about her future D. She was looked after by her kids
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To share her understanding of faith with us B. To prove her success in the TV acting
C. To show thanks to her respected aunt D. To tell how hard she brought up her children.
1.What is the purpose of this email?
A. To introduce the hotel to the guest.
B. To tell the guest how to cancel the reservation.
C. To show the hotel’s appreciation for the reservation.
D. To inform the guest of cancellation rules and request confirmation.
2.Which of the following is true about cancellation policy?
A. You can’t cancel the reservation.
B. You can call to cancel the reservation.
C. You can’t get any refund if you cancel the reservation at arrival.
D. You can get full refund if you cancel the reservation before arrival.
3.What do we know about the reservation status(状态)?
A. It has been confirmed. B. It needs to be confirmed within 3 days.
C. It has been cancelled. D. It will be cancelled within 3 days.
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友David写邮件告知你他打算购买 《红楼梦》 (A Dream in Red Mansions) 英文版，但不知道纸质版本和有声版本哪个更适合。请你给他提出建议，要点如下:
1.你的建议；
2.你的理由(至少两条)；
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:有声读物audio book
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Self-protection is one of most important skills for us teenagers. But how do we protect themselves? Now let me share my ideas to you.
First, I always obey the traffic rules and I never ran the red light. When the traffic light is red, I won’t go as it turns green. I always cross the zebra walk because of it is safe. Second, I often eat the food what is healthy and safe. Eat too much fast food will be harmful to my health. Third, I never meet stranger alone, especially friends whom I make on the Internet.
In short, if we obey the rules and take care of ourselves, we will grow up happy.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) 1. (death) a year, not just in 2. (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China，people are well aware of the health problems it brings.
I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike 3. when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my 4. (perform) at work. A new research in china has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China 5. (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those 6. lived in more polluted areas were 7. (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart 8. on the brain.
This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the 9. (many) problems we’re storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government 10. (think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.
