Antarctica has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily supervised by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).
The first expedition (探险) to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent’s role in the world. In 1969, Lindblad built the world’s first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica.
In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours of flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.
Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans 11.1%, Australians 10.7%, and the British 10.2%. The rest of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France and elsewhere.
The cost of a trip to Antarctica can range from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole.
1.Which can best replace the underlined word “supervised” in Paragraph 1?
A.Protected. B.Monitored.
C.Supported. D.Forbidden.
2.What’s Lars Eric Lindblad’s original purpose in getting to Antarctica?
A.To make himself the first explorer to go to Antarctica.
B.To transport more and more tourists to Antarctica.
C.To get first-hand experience of precious resources.
D.To let people know the significance of the continent.
3.What do we know about the flights to Antarctica?
A.They were once cancelled for more than ten years due to dangers.
B.Natural conditions of Antarctica are unable to support their landing.
C.It takes 14 hours to fly from New Zealand to Antarctica directly.
D.Air New Zealand has much success in developing Antarctic tourism.
4.What can be learned from the passage?
A.It is very convenient for Americans to travel to Antarctica.
B.The travelers usually have 4 hours’ sightseeing on the continent.
C.The number of people travelling to Antarctica is increasing.
D.New Zealand is the first country to offer scenic flights to Antarctica.
5.What’s the best title for the text?
A.The development of Antarctica B.Antarctica, a dream tourist attraction
C.The history of tourism in Antarctica D.IAATO, a great organization
“If they hated me they didn’t talk to me about it,” says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word “boss”.
Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.
The country’s population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire，fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of
15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.
As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of “anger, fear and disgust.” People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.
German firms certainly shouldn’t return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.
1.For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?
A.To introduce the topic. B.To present an argument.
C.To attract readers’ interest. D.To describe his own idea.
2.Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany？
A.Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.
B.Such situations are becoming more common.
C.Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.
D.Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.
3.In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?
A.When he has to decide whom to promote.
B.When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.
C.When he is being bossed about by someone younger.
D.When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.
4.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.
B.An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.
C.There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.
D.The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.
B.Older workers should support younger managers.
C.Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.
D.You are never too old to learn, or too young to mange.
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION I: | SESSION II: | SESSION III: |
June 23 --- July 5, 2019 | July 7 --- July 19, 2019 | July 21 --- August 2, 2019 |
Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.
HERE YOU CAN:
Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.
Live at Harvard
* You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.
* Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.
Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.
ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.
TO APPLY
Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.
APPLICATION TIPS
* No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
* Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
* You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
1.Harvard organizes such a program to ______.
A.reduce students’ academic pressure
B.select good students to join in Harvard
C.make students obtain high grades in their study
D.help students prepare for their future college life
2.What can we learn about the program?
A.Students are offered three meals except weekends.
B.It merely has two sessions during one summer.
C.It provides courses on various subjects for students.
D.Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
3.If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______
A.a B-2 tourist visa
B.transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C.scores from the TOEFL exam
D.a recommendation letter from your high school teacher
4.The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.
A.their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements
B.the application fee should be paid before they start applying
C.it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply
D.they can check the application status in a week
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For many, just taking part in a single marathon is the achievement of a lifetime. But for Julie Weiss, it has become a _______ routine. She has run 12 marathons once a week—for the past year in memory of her dad who _______ just 35 days after he was _______ with pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌). When Julie Weiss lost her father in 2010, she was _______ to find the research for pancreatic cancer is so short of fund. “It made me feel _______” she said, “I knew I had to do something.”
So this marathon queen, _______ she calls herself, did what she did best; she went running. Having completed 25 marathons during the _______ two years, Julie now vowed(发誓) to run 12 marathons in 12 weeks in _______ of her father. After asking people to _______ money for each marathon, she ________ a website, marathon goddess, com, to collect money for the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network(PANCAN), a nonprofit organization. Julie began her incredible ________ with a marathon in Rome and then entered a race every ________ in some city across North America. ________ leaving work at 5 p.m.on Friday she would be ready to begin the next race, before she ________ home to California on Sunday. Julie finished her 1,362.4-mile journey in March 2013, ________ more than $ 200,000 in the process for PANCAN.
While running, she stuck to a strict training schedule. “My body’s getting used to this. I’m changing my diet, becoming more healthy and learning to run more ________” she said. When her muscles began to ________, she kept her ________ in mind. “When you do what you love, for those you love, that is where the ________ happen. Together we can make a(n) ________, and pave the way for a happy, healthy, cancer free life.” she said.
1.A.weekly B.monthly C.daily D.yearly
2.A.passed by B.passed away C.died off D.died out
3.A.connected B.diagnosed C.treated D.dealt
4.A.inspired B.exhausted C.interested D.shocked
5.A.desirable B.helpless C.hopeful D.wishful
6.A.while B.what C.as D.since
7.A.previous B.precious C.present D.precise
8.A.search B.need C.honor D.place
9.A.pay B.donate C.make D.earn
10.A.set up B.made up C.held up D.broke up
11.A.experiment B.stage C.road D.challenge
12.A.day B.morning C.weekend D.weekday
13.A.At B.By C.With D.On
14.A.parted B.left C.headed D.missed
15.A.raising B.earning C.spending D.wasting
16.A.merrily B.efficiently C.specifically D.casually
17.A.swell B.stress C.burn D.ache
18.A.strength B.relief C.motivation D.interest
19.A.miracles B.accidents C.stories D.events
20.A.offer B.sacrifice C.promise D.difference
Much to their delight, their new project ______ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue to celebrate the fantastic moment.
A.to approve B.being approved C.having approved D.having been approved
--- Difficulties always go with me!
--- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you.
A.must B.would
C.could D.can
