Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds(杂草）killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that the 24-hour rhythms of plants leave them more defenseless to herbicides(除草剂) at different points in their daily 24 hour cycle.
They believe the findings could help farmers by reducing crop loss and improving harvests. And gardeners could benefit from knowing which weeds respond better at certain times of the day. In recent years, pesticides and herbicides have been implicated in the decline of important pollinating insects, such as bees.
Dr Antony Dodd，senior author of the new study，said: “The research suggests that, in future, we might be able to improve the use of some chemicals that are used in agriculture by taking advantage of the biological clock in plants.
Just like humans, plants have evolved to take advantage of cycles of night and day, with certain biological processes turning on at different times of the day.
Scientists have discovered that many drugs work much better in humans if they are given at specific hours. Aspirin, for example, has doubled the impact on thinning the blood if taken at night as opposed to in the morning. The process is known as ‘chronotherapy’ and researchers wanted to find out if the same concept could be applied to plants.
Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores(气孔) are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour. At the break of the day, plants are also not busy producing food throughphotosynthesis(光和作用）.The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at dusk.
The air is also likely to be stiller at dawn and dusk, meaning that pesticides or herbicides are less likely to be blown away to places where they are not wanted. Pesticide labels often warn against spraying on windy days in case they endanger people or animals. Many insects are active early in the morning and around dusk, also making very early morning and early evening effective times for insecticide.
Commenting on the study, Dr. Trevor Dines, Botanical Specialist at the conservation charity Plantlife, said: “This is fascinating research which will be of great interest to many gardeners like me. If anything used to think the opposite was true - that applying herbicides and pesticides late in the day would be better as they’d remain in Vet contact' with the plant for longer in the cool of the night and therefore be taken up or absorbed more effectively. This research knocks that assumption on its head”
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “implicated in” in the third paragraph?
A.restored to B.blamed for
C.limited to D.composed of
2.According to the research, what are the reasons for using herbicides in the morning?
A.The process of photosynthesis is most active in the morning.
B.Insects are more defenseless in the morning than any other time of the day.
C.Bigger pores on the plants make herbicides work more effectively.
D.The stronger morning wind blows pesticides away to more places.
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Gardeners were interested in combining science with gardening.
B.A long time had passed before herbicide was applied in farming.
C.The old assumption about the use of chemicals proved right.
D.Many gardeners used to spray herbicides at the wrong time.
4.What is the main idea of this article?
A.New chemicals have been found to help kill harmful insects.
B.Biological clock of plants could help gardeners use less weed killer.
C.Plants’ cycles can be taken advantage of to improve the environment.
D.The research on the effects of pesticides has enabled good harvests.
A family in Edinburgh has discovered that an old chess piece they kept in a drawer for 55 years is a long-lost part of a medieval(中世纪的）chess set. The piece was bought by their grandfather for £5 from an antique dealer in Edinburgh in 1964. It is estimated that it could now sell for £ 1 million at auction(拍卖). It is one of five missing pieces from the Lewis Chessmen, a set of medieval chess pieces that were found in a sand hill on the Isle of Lewis, off Scotland’s west coast, in 1831.
The piece is 8.8 centimeters tall and made from walrus ivory, a rare material in those days. It is warder, which is a prison guard, with a helmet, shield and sword. This piece would be the same as a rook(车), or castle in a modern chess set.
The family, who don’t want to make their name public, explained how their grandfather was unaware of the piece’s importance when he bought it in 1964. After he died, it was looked after by his daughter, who believed that it had magical qualities. They finally realized how important the piece was when it was examined by Alexander Kader, an expert at Sotheby’s auction house in London.
The Lewis Chessmen are famous all over the world. The set is split between the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the British Museum in London, attracting lots of visitors. They are thought to have been made in Trondheim, Norway, between AD 1150 and 1200, and were probably buried on Lewis for safekeeping on their way to being sold in Ireland. Nobody really knows for sure why they were buried there or how they were discovered.
The piece will go on display in Edinburgh and then London before its auction on 2 July. It is expected to either be bought by, or loaned to, a museum. Kader says there are still four missing pieces out there, “However, it might take another 150 years for one to show up.”
1.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lewis Chessmen?
A.It has a history of 55 years. B.It consists of 5 missing chesses.
C.It is made from walrus ivory. D.It is the equivalent of a rook.
2.People are most likely to see the Lewis Chessmen _________ .
A.in a sand hill B.in the museums
C.in a family drawer D.at an auction house
3.Why did the daughter keep the chess piece for so many years?
A.She was honoring her late grandfather’s wish.
B.She knew it had certain historical value.
C.She didn’t want to make its existence public.
D.She thought it had some mysterious power-
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Where the chess piece will end up remains to be seen.
B.The other four missing pieces will eventually surface.
C.The family expects the piece to be sold to the museum.
D.The auction will attract many private collectors in Scotland.
It has been one of the deadliest climbing seasons on Everest, with at least 10 deaths. And at least some seem to have been _________.
The problem hasn’t beenavalanches(雪崩）, blizzards or high winds. Experienced climbers and industry leaders _________ too many people on the mountain, in general, and too many inexperienced climbers, in particular.
Fly-by-night adventure companies are taking up untrained climbers who pose a risk to everyone on the mountain. And the Nepalese government, _________ for every climbing dollar it can get, has issued more permits than Everest can safely _________, some experienced mountaineers say.
Add to that Everest’s unmatched _________ to a growing body of thrill-seekers the world over. And the fact that Nepal, one of Asians poorest nations and the site of most Everest climbs, has a long record of bad regulations and mismanagement.
To reach the peak, climbers _________ every pound of equipment they can and take with them just enough cans of compressed oxygen to make it to the top and back down. It is hard to think straight at that altitude（海拔）.
According to the climbers, some of the deaths this year were caused by people getting held up in the long lines on the last 1,000 feet or so of the climb, unable to get up and down fast enough to _________ their oxygen supply. Others were simply not fit enough to be on the mountain _________.
Nepal has no _________ rules about who can climb Everest, and experienced climbers say that is a direct reason for _________. “You have to reach certain standards to do the Ironman,” said Alan Arnett, a remarkable Everest climber. “But you don’t have to _________ to climb the highest mountain in the world? What’s wrong with this picture?”
The last time 10 or more people died on Everest was in 2015, during an avalanche. By some measures, the Everest machine has only gotten more out of _________. Last year, experienced climbers, insurance companies and news organizations _________ a far-reaching scheme by guides, helicopter companies and hospitals to trick millions of dollars from insurance companies byevacuating(疏散) climbers with _________ signs of altitude sickness.
Despite all the problems, this year the Nepali government issued a record number of permits, 381, as part of a bigger _________ to commercialize the mountain. Climbers say the permit numbers have been going up steadily each year and that this year the traffic jams were heavier than ever.
1.A.recognizable B.sustainable C.avoidable D.feasible
2.A.burden B.blame C.border D.balance
3.A.hungry B.critical C.jealousy D.hesitant
4.A.favor B.extend C.grant D.handle
5.A.appeal B.adjustment C.adaption D.agreement
6.A.catch sight of B.make use of C.get rid of D.take hold of
7.A.remove B.refill C.recycle D.release
8.A.for the first time B.at long last C.from time to time D.in the first place
9.A.strict B.social C.scientific D.creative
10.A.discomfort B.decay C.disadvantage D.disaster
11.A.manage B.qualify C.promise D.schedule
12.A.contact B.touch C.control D.power
13.A.activated B.exposed C.introduced D.dismissed
14.A.inferior B.minor C.superior D.major
15.A.push B.prospect C.pattern D.patent
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases
Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills 1. rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, 2.they come across more products.
In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and 3.they looked at. Their receipts were then used 4.(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average £33.73 compared to an average of £23.91 for those who did not.
A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, 5.(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of £36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average £36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to £25.59 on 13.22 products.
Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath’s School of Management said: “Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, 6.we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect.” The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you’ll part 7..
“So if you’re trying to budget, 8.(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone 9.that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus.” Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their 10.(plan) lists.
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Growing up on a small farm，I lived a life that I took for granted. My father worked in the city as a plumber(水暖工). He was not highly educated，but he was smart，looking at problems in an engineer’s way. He was a man made of leather，brass and chewing tobacco who tried to teach my brother and me useful things，including respect. He also had a temper and was strict with us for he would scold us when we made some careless mistakes. Sometimes，my father seemed like a distant enemy to me and I didn’t like him very much.
One day I came home from primary school and his car was already there. Once inside，I was told by my mother that he didn’t feel well. His back hurt. My father never missed work；in fact，when he came home，he went to the barn to work even more. I remember looking at him secretly around the corner as he lay on his bed in the middle of the day.
Later，my mother told me he got multiple myeloma (多发性骨髓瘤)，a type of blood cancer. As the cancer grows，the person will shrink because the disease destroys the body’s energy and the abnormal antibodies cause problems for other cells and tissue. Bones eventually look like Swiss cheese，and when they break，they may never heal. But I didn’t realize that my father’s time was rather limited and just treated him the same way I used to.
For the last year of my father’s life，his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his chair to sit and think. He was predictably in that chair when I came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and brother were，but the two of us were alone.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
He asked me to sit down and what he told me still moves me these decades later.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
At that moment，I realized that he was doing more than telling.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What to Do when Someone Doesn’t Like You
When someone tells me, “I don’t care if people like me,” they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.
As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connections, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to breakouts of depression. 1.
The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, “What am I feeling?”. 2. Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.
3. When you sense yourself being shut out or feel defensive, ask yourself what the person actually means to do to you. Does he truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.
When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve (减轻) the stress. 4.
Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters. 5. If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person? And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of whether someone likes you or not.
A. If you can, look the person in his eyes.
B. Do you feel any fear or anger in your head?
C. Ask yourself what is true about the situation.
D. Often people do not realize the impact of their words.
E. Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life?
F. The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.
G. This will help you relax at present and take you out of your trembling mind.
