Why do people like what they like? Scientists have taken on the task of solving this mystery(奥秘)for ages. In the 1960s, psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed people nonsense words and random shapes. Afterward he asked his subjects which they preferred out of ever thing they had been shown. In study
after study, people always chose the words and shapes they had seen the most. Their preference was for familiarity.
This discovery was one of the most important findings in modern psychology. But the preference for familiarity has clear limits. People get tired of even their favorite songs and movies. On one hand, humans seek familiarity, because it makes then feel safe. On the other hand, people love the thrill of something new. This change between familiarity and discovery affects ns all the time- not just our preferences for pictures and songs, but also our preferences for ideas and even people.
For that reason, the power of familiarity seems to be strongest when a person isn’t expecting it. The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity. Nobody knows this better than Raymond Loews, who is considered to be the "father of industrial design. He had a theory that he said could help artists sell anything to anyone. He called it MAYA --"Most Advanced Yet Acceptable""To sell something surprising, make it familiar; and to sell something familiar, make it surprising," he said.
One of Loewy’s final tasks was too add an element(要素)of familiarity to a truly new invention: NASA’s first space station. Loewy’s biggest contribution to the space station was that he insisted NASA install a window with a view of Earth. Today, tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts. It is hard to imagine a more perfect example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show you home.
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It's a hot summer afternoon. You're cooking up the catch of the day over a campfire. Suddenly, a few raindrops fall on your arms, and before you know it, the sky is opened up. Then you hear what sounds like thunder in the distance. What should you do? Your tent is close by and would offer shelter from the pouring rain. There's a campsite picnic shelter a few minutes down the path. And then you remember that your car is parked down the road. What's your safest choice to make sure you and your families are safe?
It's a common question for many hikers and campers, especially when they're camping during summer months. Heading to your car is almost always the safest choice. Your tent and a picnic shelter will keep you dry. but they offer little or no protection against lightning. Your car, on the other hand, will keep you dry and protect you from lightning strikes. Protecting yourself against possible lightning strikes is very important; lightning kills an average of 62 people in the US each year. If you keep all of the windows and doors closed in your car, you'll be able to return to your campsite safely.
Of course, if you're backpacking, not car camping, and you're deep in the woods, your car won't be a good choice. So, what should you do if your car is far away and there's no other safe shelter nearby? First, you'll have to make sure that tree limbs（枝）or other objects don't fall on you or your campsite. Then you'll have to get in a safe position to avoid lightning, or flash flood conditions. What else should you do?
1.The passage aims to tell us__________.
A.what's camping
B.how to camp safely
C.how to survive a storm when camping
D.car camping is the safest
2.To avoid lightning in a storm, you'd better__________.
A.go into your tent quickly
B.cook up the catch of the day over a campfire
C.run into a campsite picnic shelter at once
D.get into your car and return to your campsite
3.From the last paragraph we can infer___________.
A.people should not go camping alone
B.people should never camp deep in the woods
C.backpacking is not a good choice for campers
D.when camping learning to protect oneself is very important
4.What does the underlined word "campsite" mean?
A.A place where people who are on holiday can stay in tents.
B.A place where people can buy all kinds of traveling goods.
C.A place where people can see the pouring rain.
D.A place where people can cook food.
单词拼写
1.She had been a__________（美人）in her days.
2.The novel was not__________（出版）until 10 years after it was completed.
3.He is hit by a falling tree and killed on the__________（地点）.
4.War and Peace is a literary__________（经典作品）.
5.Do you think you can climb that__________（陡峭的）cliff?
6.A man's actions__________（反映）his thoughts.
7.The__________（附近的）villages have been absorbed into the growing city.
8.The spokesman of the Foreign Minister__________（宣布）the news to the reporters.
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家参加即将举行的书法讲座，内容包括:
1. 讲座目的；
2. 讲座内容；
3. 讲座时间、地点。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇:书法 calligraphy
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Before I went to Yunnan to attend a teaching activity, I had wondered what music to bring into the mountains to share with the children there. Music is an universal language, that is the best way to communicate with the children there. And I was afraid that the children would be too shy not to sing a song.
However, when I arrived, I found there was nothing to worry. They were extreme energetic during my class. I choose a famous song by Jay Chou “Fragrance of Rice”, tell the children whatever happened, their family would always be there for them. They should cherish anything and try their best to overcome difficulty in their life.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese oracle-bone inscriptions(甲骨文) were included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
Oracle-bone inscriptions are the 1.(early) documentary evidence found in China, unearthed from the Yin ruins in Anyang city, Henan province. These inscriptions provide 2.(record) of divination(占卜)and prayers to gods from people in 3. late Shang dynasty. Over the years, oracle-bone inscriptions 4. (develop) into modern-day Chinese characters, 5.(show) the continuous evolution of Chinese civilization. Oracle bones serve 6. important materials for studying the long-standing and brilliant Chinese civilization.
The Memory of the World Programme, 7.(establish) by UNESCO in 1992, aims to rescue the gradually aging, worsening 8. disappearing documentary heritage in the world, 9. (strengthen) protection, and to raise public awareness of the significance of documentary heritage. The program 10.(take) place every two years, and last time, China’s submission of “Archives of the Nanjing Massacre” was included in the Memory of the World Register. So far, China has already had many examples of documentary heritage included in the Memory of the World Register.
