There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic. At present，we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution， the problem is really worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade，a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in distant areas away from any industrial cities. In fact，the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect” —keeping heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees，much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York，Boston，Miami，and New Orleans will be in water.
Another view，less widely held，is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age，and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. Perhaps，if we are lucky enough，the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits，people ignore the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?
1.People used to think that air pollution________.
A.caused widespread damage in the countryside
B.affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C.had a very bad effect on health
D.existed merely in urban and industrial areas
2.As to the greenhouse effect，the author________.
A.shares the same view with the scientists
B.is uncertain of its occurrence
C.rejects it as being ungrounded
D.thinks that it will destroy the world soon
3.The underlined word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by “________”.
A.counteract B.break from
C.get along D.communicate
4.If the world’s temperature lowered just a few degrees________.
A.it would not do much harm to life on earth
B.it would lead major farming areas to disaster
C.particular things would increase greatly in the atmosphere
D.seas and oceans would flood many cities
单句语法填空
1.You had better book rooms at the hotel in advance in case you should find no room on your ____________ (arrive).
2.Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good ____________ (impress) on a potential employer.
3.The closure of the factory will cause severe damage ____________ the local economy.
4.She found herself in conflict ____________ her parents over her future career.
5.With the help of the old man，the criminals were ____________ arrest.
6.The number of employees has already decreased ____________ twenty percent after the manager laid off them.
单词拼写
1.We have taken ________ (措施) to avoid such things happening again.
2.She ________ (拍打) me on the back and joked with me.
3.The kind grandmother lent us some soft orange ________ (毯子).
4.The two stories ________ (冲突)，so I did not know which to believe.
5.The crime rate in this city has ________ (减少) in the last decade.
6.It had been raining for a week and the streets were ________ (淹没).
7.People had to stand in a ________ (行列) for hours to buy a ticket.
8.The ________ (海关) men went through our luggage carefully.
请阅读下面这段文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
How much money should I spend each month? This is asked by college students at the start of every term, and it’s become a hot topic of discussion following a controversial online post. The post was about a college student who demanded 4,500 yuan for monthly living expenses from her mom, reported China Daily
In the post, this new college student explained that her school is in a top-tier city and that her expenses included skin-care products and new clothes. Her mother did not agree and “only” gave her 2,000 yuan.
The post started a heated debate. Some people came to her defense. Girls invest a lot in skin-care products and new clothes while boys invest much in shoes, latest electronic devices and equipment for games.
However, someone thinks 4,500 yuan is too much. According to a 2019 report, students in 15 cities spent more than 1,500 yuan a month on average. Beijing topped the list at 2,400 yuan, and Shanghai followed close behind at 2,300 yuan. In some cities, a parent may only earn a monthly salary of 4,000 or 5,000 yuan. Nevertheless, some students insist on buying Dyson vacuum cleaners (吸尘器) for their dormitories instead of common brooms. Others demand Apple laptops to study at Starbucks, instead of going to the library.
（写作内容）
1．用约 30 个词概括上文内容；
2．用约 120 个词谈谈你对这一现象的看法，包括如下要点：
（1）分析哪些原因造成了大学生生活开销的上涨（不少于两点）；
（2）你觉得文中该大学生的要求是否合理？请阐述你的理由或建议（不少于两点）。
（写作要求） 不能直接引用原文句子。
请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed? In the past, most of them used subsidies (现金补助) to keep food prices low for all their citizens. But these policies have become ineffective: the cost of maintaining Egypt’s food subsidies, for instance, nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013. And much of the money goes to the wrong people. In Egypt and the Philippines less than 20% of spending on food subsidies goes to poor households. In the Middle East and North Africa only 35% of subsidies reach 40% of the poorest, the IMF notes.
Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits (赤字) , many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy. But what form should the targeted aid take? Earlier this month Iran introduced free handouts of food to replace its subsidy method. Other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have chosen instead to provide extra cash benefits to the poor. So far, food vouchers (代金券) have been the least popular option. Proposals to introduce food vouchers in such countries as Malaysia have been rejected on the basis that they were too American and un-Asian.
However, the researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) thought that might have been a mistake and analyzed the results of an experiment conducted by the World Food Programme in Ecuador, a South American country, in 2011, which compared handouts of food, cash and vouchers in the experiment. The study found that direct handouts— Iran’s new policy—were the least effective option. They cost three times as much as vouchers to promote calorie intake by 15%, and were four times as costly as a way of increasing dietary diversity and quality. Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem. Only 63% of the food given away was actually eaten, while 83% of the cash was spent on food and 99% of the vouchers were exchanged as intended. Food handouts have also been the costliest option in similar projects in some African countries, according to John Hoddinott at IFPRI.
In Ecuador there was little difference in cost between handing out cash and food vouchers, the other two options. But food vouchers were better at encouraging people to buy healthier foods because of restrictions on what items could be exchanged for them. It was 25% cheaper to promote the quality of household nutrition using food vouchers than it was by handing out cash.
A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.
Topic | Feeding expectations: Why food vouchers are a policy 1. consideration in developing countries? |
Aim of universal subsidies | To 2. for the citizens in poor countries. |
Analyses of three policies | Cash ●It keeps food prices low for all citizens. ●It is not 3. in the long term: ＊The cost keeps increasing. ＊Much of the money doesn’t reach those really in 4. . |
Handouts of food ●The food can reach the needy 5. . ●They cost twice more than vouchers to promote calorie intake. ●A lot of the food handed out is wasted, thus 6. a matter of wastage. | |
Food vouchers ●They work better when it 7. to encouraging people to buy healthier foods. ●8. with handing out cash, using food vouchers costs much less. ●They are too American and un-Asian. | |
Conclusion | It’s a 9. to use vouchers in many developing countries because it not only helps to10. poverty but also promotes health most efficiently. |
请认真阅读下列各个小题，并根据上下文语境和所给首字母的提示，写出下列各句空格中的单词，注意保持语义和形式的一致。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
1.— Why have you been so restless these days?
— Air tickets are in shortage. We are struggling to get seats on a plane b____for Mexico.
2.— Susan, do you know the meaning of “Brexit”?
— Yes. It refers to Britain exiting from the EU, namely, the s ____ from EU.
3.— Have you heard of the famous translator Xu Yuanchong, who is still devoted to his work at the age of 98?
— Absolutely! C____ his age, he leads a very active life.
4.— To fit in the new working environment and master professional skills, Jason attended a night school.
— The new job gave him passion and added a new d____ to his life.
5.— With the rise of online stores, numerous physical stores have been closed down in Suzhou. — It is the law of the j ____ . You have to be strong enough to succeed.
