阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists say crocodiles have outlived dinosaurs 1.some 65 million years. One reason why they are such good 2. (survive) is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters,3.(use) their strong jaws to bite their prey(猎物) and then swallow it whole. When they lose a tooth they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 4.(tooth) in one lifetime!
What does the expression “crocodile tears” mean? Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend 5.(cry) and feel bad for something when in fact you could not care 6.(little). A great word to describe it is insincere. The phrase “crocodile tears” comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. A religious worker wrote that 7. a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow 8.(he). Another myth suggests9.crocodile is very clever indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would cry tears as a false show of guilt or sadness to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner.
Scientists explain that crocodiles DO create tears, but they do not cry. The tears help to clean their eyes. Crying is purely emotional and it 10. (reserve) for us humans.
Ever since I can remember, I’ve been told I was the apple of my daddy’s eye. When I was growing up, my dad had a (n) ____ at home. It seemed huge to me, ____ dark wood. I used to ____ under that desk, hiding for hours.
Why was I ____ to that old desk? Beside the books on the desk, there was also a polished wooden apple with a frame ____ a picture of me. It was a physical representation of ____ my father felt about me. This ____ how precious I was to my dad.
This saying was ____, and I’d heard many people refer to others as the apple of their eye. Many years later I began to ____ about the origin of this saying and learned the apple of the eye is the pupil (瞳孔) of the eye and that this saying was ____ a word picture about relationship. It’s a picture of being so ____ to someone that you can see yourself reflected in the pupil of their eye.
That picture brought ____ to my own eyes, as I remembered how much I meant to my father. How does that ____ to the time my son spent as a soldier in Iraq? One day, when I was struggling with fear over his ____, I read the poetry where a ____ refers to his people as the apple of his eye. It reminded me that ____ my son was special to me, he was considerably more ____ to the country.
As I read the poetry, I found myself ____. Not only did I care about what happened to my son, ____ my country cared. And more importantly, my country could and would take ____ of my son.
1.A.desk B.picture C.frame D.apple
2.A.taken on B.run into C.rushed to D.made of
3.A.mature B.adjust C.play D.crowd
4.A.known B.drawn C.exposed D.compared
5.A.using B.holding C.opening D.masking
6.A.how B.why C.where D.when
7.A.ensured B.explained C.learned D.showed
8.A.ordinary B.average C.common D.normal
9.A.care B.talk C.wonder D.bring
10.A.directly B.importantly C.plainly D.actually
11.A.close B.familiar C.easy D.good
12.A.regrets B.tears C.pleasure D.pride
13.A.attend B.relate C.see D.add
14.A.safety B.health C.independence D.future
15.A.family B.society C.country D.company
16.A.as if B.only if C.what if D.even if
17.A.precious B.necessary C.admirable D.positive
18.A.in surprise B.in confusion C.at peace D.at a loss
19.A.and B.so C.or D.but
20.A.advantage B.care C.note D.place
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Does a Dog Help a Teen with Low Self-esteem?
A dog is known as man’s best friend for good reason. Loyal and affectionate, a dog companion can enrich its owner’s life in many ways, 1_____ Many teenagers suffer from periods of low self-esteem (自尊) as they try to navigate the wavy waters of adolescence and deal with all of its associated highs and lows.A teenager who lacks self-esteem may feel isolated from his peers and unable to tell his parents about personal issues. The company of a dog can be a huge comfort and ease feelings of loneliness and awkwardness. A dog offers genuine unconditional love. 2_____All dogs need exercise，so taking his clog for a walk is the perfect opportunity for a teenager to get outdoors and benefit from fresh air and physical activity. Exercise allows people to take control of their bodies，which is often the first step toward regaining control of other aspects of their life，says mental health specialist Dr. Alan Cohen. 3 Exercise releases chemicals called endorphins (内排肽）into the brain，which create positive responses in the body, including improved self-esteem. Dogs can help teenagers be more sociable and make new friends, suggests HELPGUIDE. 4_____ A dog is a great ice-breaker, avoiding awkward social situations and putting the teenager at ease with people he meets. The more confident the teen becomes when out and about with his clog, the more his self-esteem will improve.5_____ If a teenager is suffering from depression or developing dangerous habits such as alcohol and drug abuse, more extreme action may be required. In these cases, professional help should be sought and all treatment plans considered. Parents who suspect that their teen’s low selfesteem is a sign of a far more serious problem should ask a suitably qualified health professional for advice.
A. In some cases, having a dog will not help with a teenager’s low self-esteem. |
B. It simply accepts its owner for who he is and doesn’t judge, question or criticize. |
C. Pets offer an unconditional love that can be very helpful to people with depression. |
D. You don’t have to worry about hurting your pet’s feelings or getting advice you don’t want. |
E. In particular, someone with low self-esteem may find a pet dog to be extremely beneficial. |
F. A teen may meet his peers while walking his dog in the park or taking part in a dog training class. |
G. Many forms of exercise besides walking can be enjoyed with a dog, such as cycling, jogging and throwing a ball. |
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
1.People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A.academic requirements B.social expectations
C.financial rewards D.internal needs
2.What can we learn from the Florida study?
A.Follow-up studies should last for one year. B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C.Strategy training is a must in research. D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A.Individual differences in role identity. B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C.Role identity as a volunteer. D.Practical advice from researchers.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
Empathy (同理心)is one of those strange qualities—something almost everyone wants, but few know how to truly give or receive it. In a world where self-satisfaction is emphasized, it is in short supply but high demand. This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.
What Is Empathy?— Many people confuse sympathy and empathy, but they are two distinct values. Empathy is not just the ability to understand someone's feelings; criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust. Empathy is more than that. Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person. It means treating others with kindness, dignity, and understanding.
Kids Need To See Adults Show Empathy—While some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts, in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them. It begins with the way parents relate to their children. Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.
Meet Emotional Needs—When children have their emotional needs met, two things happen. They learn how to meet the emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving, meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive. An empty jug cannot fill a cup.
It's a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them. Give their emotions names (for example, jealousy, anger, and love) and teach them that these are normal. Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions. Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to act in a situation where a response is required.
1.Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?
A.Because people tend to center themselves. B.Because everyone lacks empathy.
C.Because empathy is a strange quality. D.Because it's better to give than to receive.
2.Which situation can empathy be used in?
A.When a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.
B.When a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.
C.When a criminal is cheating a victim.
D.When a dancer is dancing to music.
3.What does the underlined sentence "An empty jug cannot fill a cup" mean?
A.An empty jug is too small to hold a cup.
B.It's a must to talk to kids about emotions.
C.Adults should set an example to kids.
D.Kids give empathy with their emotional needs met first.
4.What is the main topic of the passage?
A.How to train kids to have empathy.
B.How to distinguish sympathy and empathy.
C.How to help kids finish empathy-related tasks.
D.Whether kids can be trained to be more empathetic.
When I was a kid, I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible. Even my younger sister had got rid of them much earlier than me. But as I began to grow older, this changed.
All this happened on the Bike Safety Day. It is supposed to be a fun day at school when all of us kids bring our bikes to school and the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety. Sounds like fun, right? No. In fact, it caused me to panic. What was I going to say when my friends asked me about my training wheels?
With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels, I determined to let them go. This was the first big change I’d ever made on my own.
I went to my parents and told them all about my dilemma. They were more than happy to help. We went outside and got my bike. Instead of running away and hiding behind, I stood in front of my bike and took great pride in my decision as my dad removed the training wheels.
I got on and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm. My dad started to push before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off. The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came into its place. It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try!
My confidence soared. This was going to be the start of a brand new world for me. My accomplishment would carry me forth to new goals and wins. I realized that if I set my mind to something, I could achieve it.
1.What does the school expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day?
A.Have their bikes checked. B.Ride outside for fun.
C.Acquire bike safety skills. D.Remove the training wheels.
2.What does the underlined word "them'’(in Paragraph 3)refer to?
A.The author's friends. B.The author's parents.
C.The safety problems. D.The training wheels.
3.What happened when the author finally rode without the training wheels?
A.She felt extremely embarrassed. B.Everything turned out to be easy.
C.She ended up flat on the ground. D.Her sisters followed her example.
4.What does the author think is necessary for her to achieve a goal?
A.Patience. B.Determination. C.Pressure. D.Concentration.
