Question

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (妨碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

1.This passage can be best titled_________.

A.Intelligence and Environment

B.Measuring Your Intelligence

C.The Case of Peter and Mark

D.How the brain Influences Intelligence

2.According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.

A.85 B.125 C.110 D.100

3.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.

A.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level

B.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment

C.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain

D.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

4.This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q.______.

A.can be increased by education

B.stays the same throughout his life

C.can be predicted at birth

D.is determined by his childhood

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.D

4.A

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章讲的是智力和环境的关系。同样智力水平的人，环境和教育不一样，智商也会有很大不同。

1.主旨大意题。从每段的段首，可以看出这篇文章讲的是智力和环境的关系。由此可知，A项Intelligence and Environment（智力与环境）可以做本文标题。故选A。

2.细节理解题。从最后一段的句子Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average（马克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高出40分）可知，平均智商是125-25=100。故选D。

3.推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的句子Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.（如果机会均等，这对拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试结果会大致相同）可推知，彼得比马克的测试结果低是因为彼得缺少机会。由此可知，缺乏机会阻碍智力发展。故选D。

4.细节理解题。根据第二段的句子Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.（马克是在上过大学的富裕家庭中长大的。当他还是个孩子的时候，人们就给他读书，送他去好学校，给他一切机会来激发他的智力）可知，人的智商是可以通过教育提高的。故选A