Question

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

On an otherwise ordinary afternoon in mid-December, the Hakata to Tokyo express pulled into Negoya and a thousand passengers were ordered 1. the train. The burning smell and unusual sound turned out to be cracks in the chassis（底盘）.

It was the first time that the Shinkansen（新干线），the country’s symbol of industrial power and“made in Japan”engineering quality, 2.（give）way to an officially called“serious incident”. Once upon a time, the cracks would have been unthinkable; the nation—3.the outside world—has long been conditioned to think of Japanese manufacturing as perfect. But after suffering a succession of different scandals. Japan’s problem is that imperfection is far less untbinkable than it 4. be.

The bullet train breakdown marks the peak of months of public admissions by some of Japan’s greatest names—including Nissan Motor. Subaru, Toray Industries, Kobe Steel and Mitsubishi Materials—5. they have either been cheating on quality tests or faking documents 6.（sell）products of a lower quality than stated. For an industrial economy that has built its global fame on its reputation for quality, these are nerve-racking times.

No one thought that Japanese companies were basically more honest than their competitors around the world, says one former Toshiba executive, 7. there was an assumption both inside and outside Japan that everyone on the factory floor was devoted to the perfection of monozukuri. 8. craftsmanship that represents what is arguably the proudest Japanese corporate boasts.“That assumption is 9. has taken the heaviest beating,”he said.

When Hiroya Kawasaki, the chief executive of Kobe Steel, first confessed that the company had been taking part in data falsification（伪造）10.（data）back to the 1970s, his statement was almost apocalyptic（预示灾难的）.“Trust in our company has fallen to zero,”he said.

Answer

1.off

2.had given

3.along with/ together with

4.used to

5.that

6.to sell

7.but

8.the

9.what

10.dating

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是日本新干线列车因质量问题，随即牵扯出一系列丑闻，日本的制造业被推到舆论的风口浪尖上。

1.考查介词。句意：12月中旬的一个平常的下午，博多开往东京的特快列车驶进了内戈雅，上千名乘客被要求下车。燃烧的气味和不寻常的声音原来是底盘的裂缝。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再结合句意可知，空后内容强调列车出现了燃烧的气味和不寻常的声音，所以求乘客们下车，off the train意为“下车”，故填off。

2.考查时态。句意：这是日本工业实力和“日本制造”工程质量的象征——新干线首次被一个官方称呼“严重事故”所取代。分析句子结构可知，在it was+the first/second/…that+…是固定句型，that后的时态用过去完成时，故填had given。

3.考查介词短语。句意：从前，这些裂缝是不可想象的；日本——连同外部世界——长期以来一直认为日本的制造业是完美的。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再根据句意可知，along with/together with是介词短语，意为“和，连同”，与句意相符，故填along with/together with。

4.考查动词短语。句意：但在经历了一系列不同的丑闻之后。日本的问题在于，不完美远没有以前那么难以想象。分析句子结构可知，than后引导比较状语从句，空处缺谓语动词，再结合语境可知，日本制造业崇尚完美主义，之前的日本认为“不完美”是难以想象的，经过一系列的丑闻之后，“不完美”较之以前并不是难以想象的，used to do意为“过去常常”，与题意相符，故填used to。

5.考查连词。句意：斯巴鲁(Subaru)、东丽工业(Toray Industries)、神户钢铁(Kobe Steel)和三菱材料(Mitsubishi materials)——它们要么在质量测试中作弊，要么伪造文件，销售质量低于规定的产品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，又因从句中不缺少成分，故用连接代词that，在从句中不做成分，但是不能省略，故填that。

6.考查非谓语动词。句意：斯巴鲁(Subaru)、东丽工业(Toray Industries)、神户钢铁(Kobe Steel)和三菱材料(Mitsubishi materials)——它们要么在质量测试中作弊，要么伪造文件，销售质量低于规定的产品。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意，此处用to do不定式表示目的，在句中做目的状语，故填to sell。

7.考查并列连词。句意：没有人认为基本上日本公司比他们在世界各地的竞争对手更诚实，但是东芝一位前高管表示，日本国内外都有这样的假设——工厂里的每个人都致力于完美的“物造”精神，这种工艺体现了日本企业最引以为傲的东西。分析句子结构可知，空处填并列连词，再根据句意，空处连接的并列句是转折关系，故填but。

8.考查冠词。句意：工厂里的每个人都致力于完美的“物造”工艺，这种工艺体现了日本企业最引以为豪的东西。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，和空后craftsmanship做monozukuri的同位语，因为此处的“工艺”就是指“造物”这种工艺，故用the表示特指，故填the。

9.考查连词。句意：这一假设受到了最沉重的打击。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接代词引导表语从句，又因为空处做从句的主语，故用what引导表语从句并在从句中做主语，故填what。

10.考查非谓语动词。句意：神户钢铁公司首席执行官川崎广彦第一次承认，该公司早在20世纪70年代就参与了数据造假。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，并在句子中做时间状语，date back to意为“追溯到”，在句中表示主动，故填dating。