Question

    “What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about weary groans over the past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.

Violators face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.

Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tons of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.

Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的）, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.

1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

A.To introduce the trash-sorting regulations.

B.To explain the four categories of the waste.

C.To present residents’ complaints about trash dividing.

D.To show the goal of trash-sorting regulations.

2.What does the underlined word “Violators” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.People who don’t sort the waste.

B.People who argue with the monitors.

C.People who don’t throw the trash on time.

D.People who are against the regulations.

3.What is the main direct environmental problem in Shanghai?

A.The massive traffic.

B.The increasing garbage.

C.Lack of a recycling system.

D.Lack of trash pickers.

4.What makes the residents upset most about the rules?

A.Complex distinction among the four categories of trash.

B.Short scheduled time for tossing the trash.

C.Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.

D.Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.

5.What can be the best title for the text?

A.A Restart of Trash-sorting

B.A Great Change in Tackling Litter

C.A New Era of Garbage Classification

D.A Craze for Learning Waste Sorting

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.B

4.B

5.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定有望成为我国第一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将要面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海市日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对政策的看法和态度。

1.推理判断题。根据本段的On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country.可知7月1日上海市出台了垃圾分类规定，且该政策有望成为我国垃圾分类的典范，故由此推测本段的主要目的是引出垃圾分类政策的话题。A. To introduce the trash-sorting regulations.（引出垃圾分类政策的话题）符合以上推测，故选A项。

2.词义猜测题。根据划线词后文They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29).可知他们将面临高达到200元（29美元）的罚款，“they”指代前文的violators，故推测划线部分的意思是“违反垃圾分类政策的人”。D. People who are against the regulations.（违反该规定的人）符合以上说法，故选D项。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tons of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly.可知上海政府正面临这一个明显的环境问题，那就是它每年生产900万吨垃圾，超过伦敦的年产量，且还在迅速增加，即日益增多的垃圾是上海面临的主要直接环境问题。B. The increasing garbage.（不断增加的垃圾）符合以上说法，故选B项。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.可知扔垃圾的时间很短，只有早上和傍晚的几个小时，这让居民很烦恼。B. Short scheduled time for tossing the trash.（扔垃圾的时间很短）符合以上说法，故选B项。

5.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.

和文章叙述内容可知，本文主要讲述7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类政策的相关内容，该政策有望成为全国的典范，居民必须把垃圾分类，还设有监督员以确保居民遵守该规定，即上海的垃圾分类政策将引领全国的垃圾分类走进新的阶段。C. A New Era of Garbage Classification（垃圾分类的新时代）可以作为本篇标题，故选C项。