Question

    There is more to saying "sorry”, __________ a study led by researchers at Ohio State University found that effective apologies---ones that were accepted by the __________ and allowed both parties to move on with no hostility (敌意)---have six elements. They are expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, declaring repentance (悔悟) , offering to __________ the situation, and requesting forgiveness. The more of those components, the more likely the apology is seen as __________. Of course, not all errors are created equal. Therefore, you might need to adjust your apology __________ the circumstances. Here are a few tips:

Sincerity trumps(胜过) timing

A little cool-off time could help. Sometimes an immediate apology is _________ .But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing. If may be more effective to wait because their anger may prevent them from being __________ to an apology. __________ , waiting can benefit you, too, The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize..

Explain: don't excuse

Admitting being wrong is __________ and can make people worried that they’re bad people. They often water down their apology with excuses which __________ the responsibility part of the apology to save face.

Excuses may include examples like"I’m very sorry, but in my defense, you started it. " This is a non-apology. It uses the form of an apology but follows it up by __________ responsibility to the offended person, implying he or she is too sensitive.

Let your body do the talking

Experts agree that __________ apologies beat phoned-in, e-mailed and handwritten ones. Facial expressions, posture and the tone of voice are all important __________ that convey sincerity when you express repentance. Anyone can type" feel ashamed, " but if you say it  __________ , it's obvious whether or not you mean it.

A phone call is second best. You’ll convey emotions with your voice and get instant feedback. E-mailed apologies aren’t ideal. They lack emotional signals. A victim can exploit written apologies and do harm to the apologizer. Being a victim does not __________ transform one into a good person.

1.A.For instance B.In other word C.In fact D.Of course

2.A.offended B.defended C.needed D.accused

3.A.explain B.reset C.solve D.fix

4.A.reliable B.credible C.valuable D.insincere

5.A.judging by B.speaking of C.considering D.depending on

6.A.called for B.taken up C.looked into D.sought for

7.A.reluctant B.willing C.additive D.receptive

8.A.Hence B.Moreover C.However D.Thereby

9.A.tolerable B.worthless C.painful D.delightful

10.A.build up B.play down C.add to D.back up

11.A.shifting B.offering C.giving D.conveying

12.A.sincere B.instant C.false D.face-face

13.A.features B.weapons C.channels D.expressions

14.A.vividly B.slowly C.live D.clearly

15.A.consequently B.significantly C.necessarily D.dramatically

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.B

9.C

10.B

11.A

12.D

13.D

14.C

15.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何有效地道歉的几点建议。

1.考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，有效的道歉——那些被冒犯的人接受并让双方毫无敌意地继续前进的道歉——有六个要素。A. For instance例如；B. In other word换句话说；C. In fact事实上；D. Of course当然。空前说关于说“对不起”还有更多的内容，下文就介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员进行的一项研究，此处用in fact引出这项研究，故C项正确。

2.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. offended冒犯；B. defended防卫；C. needed需要；D. accused控告。道歉的对象自然是那些被冒犯的人，故A项正确。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们表示遗憾，解释错误，承认责任，宣布悔改，提出修复局面，并请求宽恕。A. explain解释；B. reset重置；C. solve解决；D. fix修复。道歉的人自然是要修复自己造成的不利局面，故D项正确。

4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些成分越多，道歉就越有可能被视为可信。A. reliable可靠的；B. credible可信的；C. valuable有价值的；D. insincere虚伪的。上文提到有效的道歉的六个要素包括表示遗憾，解释错误，承认责任，宣布悔改，提出修复局面，并请求宽恕，这些成分越多，道歉就会越显得诚恳和可信，故B项正确。

5.考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：因此，你可能需要根据情况调整你的道歉。A. judging by按……判断；B. speaking of谈及；C. considering考虑到；D. depending on依靠。空前说并非所有的错误都是平等的，因此你要根据（考虑到）具体情况来调整你的道歉，故C项正确。

6.考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时需要立即道歉，但如果对方对你的错误感到愤怒，等待可能更有效，因为他们的愤怒可能阻止他们接受道歉。A. called for要求、需要；B. taken up占据；C. looked into调查；D. sought for寻找。空后说但如果对方对你的错误感到愤怒，等待可能更有效，因为他们的愤怒可能阻止他们接受道歉，转折连词But表明此处是说有时需要立即道歉，故A项正确。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reluctant勉强的；B. willing愿意的；C. additive累积的；D. receptive可接受的。根据常识可知，一个人在生气的时候很难接受对方的道歉，故D项正确。

8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，等待对你也有好处，最好的道歉时间是当一个人感到准备好真诚地道歉的时候。A. Hence所以；B. Moreover此外、而且；C. However然而；D. Thereby从而。前面介绍了等待对对方有好处，此处是说而且它对道歉者也有好处，故B项正确。

9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：承认错误是痛苦的，会让人担心自己是坏人。A. tolerable可容忍的；B. worthless无价值的；C. painful痛苦的；D. delightful高兴的。根据空后的“and can make people worried that they’re bad people.”可知，道歉是痛苦的，故C项正确。

10.考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们常常用借口来淡化道歉的责任，以保全面子。A. build up加强；B. play down降低、减少；C. add to加到；D. back up支持。根据空后的“the responsibility part of the apology to save face.”可知，为了保全面子，他们会用借口来淡化道歉的责任，故B项正确。

11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不道歉，它使用道歉的形式，但随后将责任转移给被冒犯的人，暗示他或她过于敏感。A. shifting转移；B. offering提供；C. giving给予； D. conveying传达。根据空后的“responsibility to the offended person, implying he or she is too sensitive.”可知，这样的借口只是以道歉的形式把责任转移给被冒犯的人，故A项正确。

12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，面对面的道歉胜过电话、电子邮件和手写道歉。A. sincere真诚的；B. instant立即的；C. false错误的；D. face-face面对面的。根据空后提到的打电话、写邮件和手写道歉信等方式可知此处指“面对面道歉”，故D项正确。

13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：面部表情、姿势和语气都是表达忏悔时传达真诚的重要表情。A. features特征； B. weapons武器；C. channels通道；D. expressions表情。根据常识可知，面部表情对表达情感很重要，故D项正确。

14.考查副词词义辨析。句意：任何人都可以输入“惭愧”，但如果你是当场说的，你的意思就很明显了。A. vividly生动地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. live当场；D. clearly清楚地。此处与前面的“输入”形成对比，指“当场、现场地”，故C项正确。

15.考查副词词义辨析。句意：成为受害者并不能因此把一个人变成一个好人。A. consequently因此；B. significantly显著地；C. necessarily必要地；D. dramatically戏剧性地。空前说受害者可以利用书面道歉来伤害道歉者，成为受害者并不能因此把一个人变成一个好人，故A项正确。