Though the spread of good reproduction (复制品) of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.
One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. Art museums are often called “treasure houses”. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment.
Furthermore, consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work.
The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This “displacement effect” is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.
This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved.
Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”, “original” readings of the exhibits.
1.The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate ______.
A.the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art
B.the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values
C.the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselves
D.the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes
2.The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they ______.
A.lack the knowledge needed
B.fear it may have financial implications
C.have no real concept of the work’s value
D.feel their personal reaction is of no significance
3.The writer says that unlike other forms of art, the appreciation of a painting does not ______.
A.involve direct contact with an audience
B.require a specific location for performance
C.need the involvement of other professionals
D.call for a specific beginning or ending
4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.Original work: killer of artistic appreciation
B.Original work: reduction to value of art works
C.Original work: substitute for reproduction
D.Original work: art historians’ bread and butter
Growing Green Thumbs
Callie’s Kids by Calloway Nursery
Denton, 940/591-8865;
Flower Mound, 972/691-2650;
Lewisville, 972/315-3133.
www.mytexasgarden.com
LEARN: Kids ages 5-12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with a parent/caregiver’s supervision at 9:30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August. A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45-minute session (beginning on June 2). Preregistration online is required.
COST: Free
Denton Children’s Community Garden
2200 Bowling Green Ave., Denton, 940/349-2883.
www.dcmga.com
LEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more. The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more. 10 am-5 pm on Saturdays.
COST: Free
Coppell Community Gardens
255 Parkway Blvd., Coppell.
www.copp11communitygarden.org
LEARN: Kids of all ages (with a parent/caregiver) can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden (255 Parkway Blvd.) or Ground Delivery Garden (450 S. Denton Tap Road). Children will have the opportunity to till (耕) the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more. Master gardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community's farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank. Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am.
COST: Free
1.If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens, he / she ______.
A.needs to register online before hand
B.should be present every Wednesday morning
C.must be under supervision throughout the year
D.can visit www.dcmga.com for more information
2.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A.All the three gardens are based in Denton.
B.Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions.
C.Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home.
D.Activities in Denton Children’s Community Gardens are entertaining.
3.This piece of writing is most probably issued by ______.
A.a food industry in bad need of funding
B.a website promoting gardening facilities
C.an institution offering learning programs
D.an association publicizing botanical gardens
McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag.
McCoy, 36, could relate all too well. One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house, had recently been stolen. Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner.
He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag. After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse. McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner. “But I am the owner,” the woman said. “That’s my purse.”
A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen. Now she came across a tall, messy-looking man holding it tightly. She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape.
At Smith’s urging, McCoy told her his story. He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs.
Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help. “I’m a drug addict,” McCoy warned. “I don’t want to intrude on your life; I’m probably gonna let you down.”
Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab (戒毒所), call me.” She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it. Two days later, she got a call.
Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida. While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing. “We were getting to know each other,” Smith says. “His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one.” After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, McCoy is drug-free. He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered his rent, groceries, and incidentals. His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another’s loss.
1.What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag?
A.The urge to find a business partner. B.The resolution to recover his sleeping bag.
C.His own unfortunate experience. D.His anger over the poor living condition.
2.What was McCoy’s initial reaction towards Smith’s intention to help?
A.Enthusiasm. B.Resistance.
C.Hostility. D.Gratitude.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.McCoy was a victim of an identity theft.
B.Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request.
C.McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith.
D.Smith covered McCoy’s living expense in the recovery centre.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A.Drug-abuse Can Heal. B.Lost and Found.
C.Mutual Communication Matters. D.Good Deeds Repaid.
Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile (脆弱的) environments and their local cultures can be ______. Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages，it can even be a(n) ______ for refreshing local cultures. And a growing number of adventure tourism ______ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.
In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local ______. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays-d’Enhaut resulted in ______ being imposed on their growth. There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a ______ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.
Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by ______ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase ______. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musicians and dancers.
Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed ______ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to ______ high-quality handicrafts and artwork. Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly ______ with jewelry.
Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the ______ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. ______, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to ______ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are ______ that, with firm combined decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the normal status, rather than the exception.
1.A.promoted B.minimized C.inherited D.deleted
2.A.vehicle B.responsibility C.example D.entrance
3.A.operators B.professors C.mayors D.journalists
4.A.committee B.culture C.scenery D.economy
5.A.views B.burdens C.limits D.qualifications
6.A.costly B.critical C.reliable D.sensible
7.A.responsible B.native C.thoughtful D.outside
8.A.locally B.extensively C.virtually D.typically
9.A.positive B.personalized C.similar D.primary
10.A.estimate B.collect C.appreciate D.purchase
11.A.relevant B.successful C.combined D.impressed
12.A.desire B.solution C.appeal D.priority
13.A.Instead B.Moreover C.However D.Besides
14.A.balance B.meet C.require D.recognize
15.A.complaining B.mentioning C.demonstrating D.protesting
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Mako sharks get new protections
At the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva, countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade. GENEVA made the proposal 1. more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102-40 vote at the global wildlife trade summit. The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end, when all appendix (附录) change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted.
The proposal, debated at this year’s CITES Conference, lists mako sharks under Appendix II, meaning that they can’t be traded 2. it can be shown that fishing wouldn’t threaten their chances for survival. Conservationists say this was the world’s last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing.
3. (list) mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation. More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico. Nonetheless, conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries—primarily the United States, Canada, and Japan—4. tip the scale. Japan opposed the measure during the debates, and the United States announced afterward it 5. (vote) no.
In the past, the U.S. and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES, but not so in this case, 6. commercial interests. For a lot of these countries, they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing. Suddenly, when they’re being asked to be responsible, rather than asking other people to be responsible, they’re 7. (little) keen to take it on board.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered, saying an 8. (estimate) 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations, or about 75 years. They 9. (target) for their fins (鳍), used in shark fin soup—a dish in Asian countries, that’s often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests. Their meat is more edible compared to 10. of other sharks, which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for “pennies on the dollar”.
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
On August 25, 2019, a series of graded English books, “Tales of China”, were published in Shanghai the main theme of which is Chinese culture.
The series contain 16 books as well as 100 audio frequencies. There are 75 stories about Chinese festivals, idioms, folk legends and fairy tales in the series, including 240 beautiful illustrations. The series help Chinese children improve their reading, listening and speaking abilities dramatically.
Contrary to the current practice that many similar books are written by Chinese writers and translated by foreigners, the series were compiled by world-famous children literature experts from 7 countries. The purpose is to interpret Chinese culture in authentic English on a global scale. This collection of books not only helps the Chinese children improve their English and arouse their interest in English but also deepens their understanding of Chinese culture.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.谈谈青少年学习中国文化的重要性；
3.结合实际，谈谈青少年如何传承中国文化（至少两点）。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯,词数适当。
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