Question

    As the proverb goes，man struggles upwards；water flows downwards．Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams, to rivers and to oceans．But downhill isn't the only way that water moves．A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption．This flow isn't the type we usually think about．These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports．They call this a flow of “virtual water”．

We typically think about water as the liquid that flows from a tap．However，92% of the water used by people goes into growing crops, according to a water researcher Arjen Hoekstra．He recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats．These products are shipped around the world．

For example, consider a sugary soft drink．Hoekstra estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310 liters of water-about 95% is used to grow and process the ingredients. Another 4% goes into the packaging and labeling．In Hoekstra's calculation, when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad，it exports as much virtual water as would fill a large refrigerator．

According to Hoekstra's new report, dry countries like Israel and Kuwait, both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries，through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries, like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom，also get the majority of their virtual water from other places．That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries．

1.The underlined proverb in Paragraph 1 is used to        ．

A.inspire readers to struggle upward B.tell a law of nature

C.introduce the topic of the passage D.summarize the main idea of the passage

2.In which countries does most part of virtual water come from outside？

A.The United Kingdom and China B.America and Israel

C.The Netherlands and Kuwait D.The Netherlands and America

3.What can be a suitable title for the passage？

A.Benefits of Virtual Water B.Hidden Uses of Water

C.Crops and Virtual Water D.Virtual Water’s Worldwide Travels

4.Where does the passage probably come from？

A.A science news report B.A newspaper advertisement

C.A book review D.A science fiction story

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.A

【解析】

本文是说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了正如谚语“人往高处走，水往低处流”所说，虚拟水从山上到流经河流到人类的消费所经历的旅程，是如此的漫长，许多缺水国家的虚拟水甚至基本都来自于其他国家，它真正做到了环球旅行。

1.推理判断题。结合第一段中Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams, to rivers and to oceans．But downhill isn't the only way that water moves．A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption．（水从山顶流向山下的小溪、河流和海洋。但是向下并不是水运动的唯一方式。一项新的研究测量了水如何从一个国家到另一个国家供人类消费）以及文章下文主要在讲正如“人往高处走，水往低处流”，而现实生活中缺水国家的水基本都来自于其他国家，因此可推测As the proverb goes是正如谚语所说的意思，因此第一段使用划线谚语是为了引入这篇文章的主题。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段According to Hoekstra's new report, dry countries like Israel and Kuwait, both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries，through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries, like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom，also get the majority of their virtual water from other places.（根据Hoekstra的新报告，像以色列和科威特这样的干旱国家，都在中东，他们大部分的水都来自其他国家，通过进口产品。更令人惊讶的是，一些较为多雨的国家，如荷兰和英国，也从其他地方获得了大部分的虚拟水）可知，色列，科威特，中东国家，荷兰，英国等国大部分虚拟水都来自其它地区。故选C。

3.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption．This flow isn't the type we usually think about．These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports．They call this a flow of “virtual water”．（一项新的研究测量了水如何从一个国家到另一个国家供人类消费。这种流动不是我们通常想的那种。这些科学家研究了用于种植和制造产品的水，这些产品以进口或出口的形式从一个国家运往另一个国家。他们称之为“虚拟水流”）以及通读全文，可知文章主要在讲虚拟水从山上到流经河流到人类的消费所经历的旅程，有时它们甚至经历了许多国家，因此可知最合适的标题是“虚拟水的环球旅行”。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据文章，可知文章主要在讲虚拟水从山上到流经河流到人类的消费所经历的旅程，有时它们甚至经历了许多国家，文章运用了举例的手法给出了许多具体的事实，比如缺水的国家等，因此这是一篇科技类说明文，它一般会发表在科技新闻报道上。故选A。