Question

    As children enter and move through their school years, they become increasingly able to manage matters like homework and school projects on their own. _______, each year they should take on more responsibilities in the classroom and at home. These daily chores (家务) and responsibilities are an important part of learning that life requires _______, not just play.

Normally, of course, children are still single-minded with their _______ to have fun. While they may join in, particularly if _______ gives them time with their parents, children are not _______ to ask for household tasks, and parents often need to assign responsibilities as part of _______ to the family. At this age, many children find it difficult to _______ their chores, at least initially. Responsibility and initiative (积极性) are learned through a _______ process of guidance and reward.

As your own child takes on more responsibilities, he or she will probably have periods of acting _______, procrastinating(拖延) and dawdling (懒散). Most children do. During these times, parents need to step in and, with encouragement and gentle guidance, point him in the ________ direction.

Sometimes parents may demand too much ________ their children, or may see a problem in everything their children do. They may ________ them with too many responsibilities — an unfair number of chores, extra hours of taking care of younger siblings or a too strict schedule of after-school activities. When that happens, children may ________ taking on any responsibility at all. Parents need to ________ this kind of overloading, while still making sure that their youngsters are assuming a(n) ________ of responsibility. Children, of course ________ in the personalities. Some are simply not very persistent in the middle of chores. Others have difficulty getting organized. ________ others have trouble shifting from one activity to another. You should have a good ________ of your child’s style, and shape your ________ accordingly.

Children need to have some obligations and duties within the family, ________ they will notlearn to accept responsibility.

1.A.Next B.Also C.Therefore D.Alike

2.A.work B.music C.love D.sport

3.A.courage B.time C.effort D.desire

4.A.helping out B.coming out C.running out D.trying out

5.A.anxious B.likely C.afraid D.able

6.A.attending B.belonging C.appealing D.referring

7.A.check B.present C.record D.complete

8.A.gradual B.virtual C.casual D.punctual

9.A.inaccurately B.irresponsibly C.illegally D.impolitely

10.A.free B.usual C.right D.same

11.A.of B.with C.in D.out

12.A.replace B.compare C.combine D.burden

13.A.forget B.resist C.forgive D.risk

14.A.carry B.offer C.prevent D.protect

15.A.temporary B.limited C.universal D.appropriate

16.A.conflict B.differ C.fail D.change

17.A.Still B.Only C.Again D.Almost

18.A.point B.taste C.sense D.place

19.A.collections B.assumptions C.expectations D.conditions

20.A.and B.but C.for D.or

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.A

5.B

6.B

7.D

8.A

9.B

10.C

11.A

12.D

13.B

14.C

15.D

16.B

17.A

18.C

19.C

20.D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了孩子要承担适量的家庭工作才会有归属感和责任感。父母不能让孩子承担过多的家庭劳动，他们会反抗；也不能不让孩子承担家庭劳动，这样他们学不到责任感。家长应该根据孩子的性格，给与适当、适量的家庭劳动。

1.考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，每年他们都应该承担更多的责任。A. Next接下来；B. Also也；C. Therefore因此；D. Alike相似。结合上下文可知，前后两句话因果关系；因为孩子们逐渐会自己能够处理像家庭作业和学校课题这样的事物，所以每年都可以承担更多的责任，故选C项。

2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些家务活和责任是了解生活需要工作而非仅仅玩耍的重要的部分。A. work工作；B. music音乐；C. love爱；D. sport运动。根据下文的not just play判断此处用“工作”符合语境，not just play和work是近义词复现，故选A项。

3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，正常情况下，孩子们仍然一根筋地有只要快乐玩耍的欲望。A. courage勇气；B. time时间；C. effort努力；D. desire欲望。根据本句的single-minded和have fun推断，此处用“欲望”符合语境，故选D项。

4.考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使他们加入（尤其是帮助做家务让他们有时间和父母呆在一起）他们一般不可能主动要求做家务，父母常常需要布置作为家庭归属感的任务。A. helping out帮助；B. coming out出版，开花；C. running out用完；D. trying out尝试。结合上下文可知，本篇主要讲述孩子帮忙做家务的话题，故此处用“孩子帮助做家务”符合语境，故选A项。

5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. anxious焦虑的；B. likely可能的；C. afraid害怕的；D. able有能力的。根据下文可知，家长们时常需要给他们布置任务/责任，故推测孩子们一般不可能主动要求家务活，be not likely to do sth.不可能做某事，故选B项。

6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. attending出席；B. belonging归属；C. appealing吸引；D. referring谈及。此处是指做家务活可以让孩子有归属感，故选B项。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个年纪，许多孩子发现很难去完成日常家务，至少一开始会这样。A. check核查；B. present呈现；C. record记录；D. complete完成。结合上下文，此处是指孩子们一开始觉得完成家务活很困难，故选D项。

8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：责任和积极性就得通过一种逐渐的，潜移默化的指导和奖励过程来学习。A. gradual逐渐的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. casual随意的；D. punctual准时的。结合实际，责任和积极性是逐渐习得的，故选A项。

9.考查副词词义辨析。句意：正当自己孩子在承担更多责任的时候，他/她可能会有不负责任，拖延，懒散等毛病。A. inaccurately不准确地；B. irresponsibly不负责任地；C. illegally违法地；D. impolitely不礼貌地。定位到后面的procrastinating and dawdling都是贬义词，所以这里也应该填写贬义词，再对应上文的responsible，故选B项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个阶段，父母需要进一步，用鼓励和亲切的指导把他们引导到正确的方向。A. free免费的，自由的；B. usual通常的；C. right正确的；D. same相同的。定位到后面的encouragement and gentle guidance都是褒义词，所以这里也应该填写褒义词，故用right符合语境，故选C项。

11.考查固定搭配。句意：有时父母对孩子们要求太多，或者他们认为孩子什么都可以做。A. of属于；B. with具有；C. in在里面；D. out离开。本句考查固定短语demand sth. of sb.向某人要求某物，故选A项。

12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让孩子们负担太多责任——数量不公平的家务，照顾弟弟妹妹的额外时间，或者过于严格的课外活动安排。A. replace代替；B. compare比较；C.combine联合；D. burden承担。根据too many和前文内容推测，用“承担”符合语境，故选D项。

13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种事情发生时，孩子可能反抗承担任何责任。A. forget忘记；B. resist反抗；C. forgive原谅；D. risk冒险。结合上文的an unfair number of chores, extra hours of taking care of younger siblings or a too strict schedule of after-school activities可推测，孩子承担过量的家务劳动时，可能会产生抵触情绪，进而反抗承担任何责任，故选B项。

14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母需要防止这种过度负担，而同时父母仍然能确定他们的年轻一代正在承担适当的责任。A. carry携带；B. offer提供；C. prevent防止；D. protect保护。根据overloading（过度负担）可推测，此处用“防止”符合语境，故选C项。

15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. temporary暂时的；B. limited有限的；C. universal普遍的；D. appropriate适当的。根据前文的Parents need to ___14___ this kind of overloading和本句的while可知，此处用“适当的”符合语境，故选D项。

16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们在性格方面不同。A. conflict冲突；B. differ不同；C. fail失败；D. change改变。根据下文的Some are simply not very persistent in the middle of chores. Others have difficulty getting organized可知，孩子和孩子之间是不一样的，故此处用“不同”符合语境，故选B项。

17.考查固定句型。句意：还有一些人很难从一种活动转移到另一种活动。这里表示列举的表达Some…Others …Still others，表示“一些人……另一些人……还有一些人……”。故选A项。

18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：你应该对孩子的性格有敏锐的洞察力，相应地改变你们的期待。A. point点，要点；B. taste口味；C. sense感觉，感官；D. place地点。should后给出指导(一般正向)性建议，故本句用短语have a good sense of对……有敏锐的洞察力，故和语境和逻辑，故选C项。

19.考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. collections收集；B. assumptions猜测；C. expectations期待；D. conditions条件。结合上下文可知，此处是指家长希望孩子可以完成多少家务活，故用“期待”符合语境，故选C项。

20.考查连词辨析。句意：孩子们需要在家庭中有规矩和责任，否则他们不会学会承担责任。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. for因为；D. or否则，或者。结合上下文可知，此处是指如果孩子在家里没有规矩和责任，他们就学不会承担责任，故用“否则”符合语境，故选D项。