阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写150词左右的文章。
Researchers have found that learning two languages can greatly improve our mental development. For example, researches show us that bilingual experience helps us to rapidly make sense of information.
When given a task where children have to focus on one thing and ignore distracting information, bilingual children have shown themselves to the task. When they are asked to change their focus elsewhere, bilingual children also do this more effectively.
Focusing and changing attention are important abilities that go beyond bilingualism: This ability helps us to rapidly learn and progress information and function well in school and other learning environments.
（写作内容）
1.用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词简要介绍学习第二语言的好处（至少两点）。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能岀现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Many of the most memorable ad campaigns nowadays tend to be funny. Advertisers use this strategy to attract customers to their products. Audiences like to be entertained not forced. People will pay more attention to a humorous commercial than a factual serious one opening themselves up to be influenced. The key to funny advertising is assuring the humor is appropriate to both the product and customers. The balance between being funny and being obnoxious can often be delicate, and a marketer must be certain the positive effects outweigh the negative before an advertisement can be introduced.
The best products to sell using humor tend to be those that consumers think the least about. Products that are relatively inexpensive and often consumable can be represented without providing a lot of facts, and that's where there's room for humor. Candy, too, food, and exertainment-related products such as toys have got the most benefits from humor in their campaigns, One of the most important things to keep in mind is relevance to the product.
Another point to consider when using humor in advertising is that different things are funny to different people. A commercial that may make one person burst into laughter may leave a bad taste in another's mouth. The target market must always be considered, what's funny in a client presentation may not be funny on an airplane, at a country club or in hospital.
Humor in advertising tends to improve brand recognition but does not improve product recall message credibility, or buying intentions. In other words, consumers may be familiar with a good feeling towards the product, but their purchasing decisions will probably not be affected. One of the major keys to a successful humorous campaign is variety. Once a commercial start to wear out, it’s impossible to save ii without some variation on the concept Humorous campaigns are often expensive because they have to be constantly changed. Advertisers must remember that while making customers laugh, they have to keep thing interesting because old jokes die along with their products.
Humor in advertising | |
Funny advertising | •Humor in advertising can draw consumer's attention, and help them to 1. an advertisement easily. •Humor in advertising should be well suited to the product and consumers. •A commercial should find the delicate 2.between being funny and being obnoxious, and make sure its positive effects top its 3. |
Products | • Humor best 4. for the products which are often 5., consumable and common. • Humor can be 6. in the commercial when it's 7.to represent the products with plenty of facts. •In an ad, humor should be 8. to the products. |
Factors | • Humor used in advertising should fit in with the target market. • Humorous advertising should show its 9. . |
Influence | The brand can be 10. by many people but it doesn't necessarily have an effect on consumers purchasing desire. |
The sun was shining and Clare felt like doing something active. She'd had enough of the moment of living in the past. What she really wanted was some skiing if she could get herself organized. She walked into the ski school office and within ten minutes had arranged a private class for the whole afternoon. One of the ski teacher would meet her at the ski lift station at the end of the village at midday. The ski hire shop next door rented her some skis and boots and she carried them back to the hotel. There she changed into some more or less suitable clothes and took the hotel's electric taxi down to the lift station. She was a bit early and had time to look around, and get nervous. She hadn't skied for about ten years, though she'd been quite good at that time. Everyone said it was liking riding a bike - you didn't forget how to do it. She stood there looking up at the mountains, trying to remember what to do.
Madam Newton?" Yes," she said. And there was her ski teacher, looking exactly like all the other ski teachers she remembered ― sun-tanned, handsome and totally self-confident. Half an hour later all thoughts of the unhappy days had disappeared as she skied behind Bruno and concentrated on staying on her feet.
"Upper body still, make your legs do the work, Madame",shouted Bruno over his shoulder. "Call me Clare, please" she said. "OK. Lean forward a bit more, Clare. That's it. Good. You are remembering now, en?" "Yeah, I am ... slowly. It's great. I'd forgotten what an amazing buzz skiing gives you".
They skied down some different runs with Bruno being wonderfully encouraging, and she really did begin to feel confident on the skis. Going up in the lifts, Clare and Bruno chatted — just the usual "where are you from, what do you do" sort of chat, but it was pleasantly relaxing. In the middle of the afternoon, they stopped at an old farmhouse for coffee and apple cake. There were lots of other skiers doing the same. Clare felt as if she belonged - something about being part of a group, all with a shared interest, she supposed. It was a feeling she'd not had for a long time.
Bruno said hello to a few people, and went over to talk to one of the waiters. Clare took the opportunity to study him a bit. Up until now, she'd just been skiing behind a man in a red ski suit, so it was interesting to see that he was quite tall, with curly brown hair and eyes to match. From the colour of his face he looked as if he'd spent his whole life in the open air. She guessed he was about forty.
"Are you in Zermatt for long, Clare?" asked Bruno, after he'd been sitting with her a few minutes, "No, only a few days probably. Just a short break to get away from everything at home", replied Clare. She didn't feel like explaining the real reason. People looked at her differently when they knew. "But I'd like to do some more skiing. Would you be able to do anything tomorrow?"
"I think so. But you'll have to book it through the ski school office. I can't arrange anything with you directly",said Bruno, putting on his gloves and standing up. "Come on. Let’s do a bit more now." "Great," replied Clare. After another hour, Clare said, "Time to stop, I think,"Bruno agreed. "You should have a sauna tonight. It'll help your body relax. Not so stiff ( 僵硬的）tomorrow, you know." Clare didn't care about stiff she was going to be tomorrow. She hadn't felt quite as good as this for months — full of fresh air, physically tired but in her mind — alive. Happy! Yes, that was how she felt.
1.Why did Clare feel nervous at the ski lift station?
A.The ski teacher arrived earlier than her.
B.It was a long time since her last skiing.
C.She had hardly learned how to ski properly.
D.She was inappropriately dressed for skiing.
2.What did Clare do after 30 minutes' skiing?
A.She couldn’t help thinking about the past few days.
B.She got a bit upset due to her inability to ski.
C.She didn’t understand Bruno's instructions.
D.She asked Bruno to call her tomorrow.
3.What does the underlined part "an amazing buzz” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.A sudden memory.
B.A beautiful sound.
C.A strong feeling of excitement.
D.An interesting topic of conversation.
4.Clare felt enjoyable at the farmhouse in that .
A.she met some old friends
B.she felt she was better than other skiers
C.she thought the food and drinks there were wonderful
D.she found she had something in common with others
5.Why didn't Clare tell Bruno the real reason she was in Zermatt?
A.She thought he might think negatively about the truth.
B.She wanted a different ski teacher the next day.
C.She hated to let him know she was leaving soon.
D.She felt he had a bad opinion on her.
6.What can be inferred about Clare from the last paragraph?
A.She discovered a way of taking her mind off her problems
B.She told her secret to another person for the first time.
C.She seemed to have been living a hard time tor years.
D.She found a lifelong friend in the skiing held.
By now you've probably heard about the "you’re not special" speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you're anything special, because you're not." Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony 一 and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough's ego-puncturing （伤自尊的） words. But lost in the uproar （喧嚣）was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.
Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it's often exactly when we're least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously, in a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, "lack insight" into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden": they're not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.
In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom on tests of logic, grammar and humor -extremely overestimated'' their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile (百分位数).they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition 9 clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “meta cognitive skill” :the capacity to monitor how well they're performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There's a paradox here, the authors note: The skills that lead to competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that field? In other words, to get better at judging how well we're doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself
There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.
If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children — they won't need parents, or a commencement (毕业典礼)speaker, to tell them that they're special. They’ll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.
1.The author thinks the real problem is that .
A.no requirement is set up for young people to get better
B.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged
C.we don't know whether our young people are talented or not
D.young people don't know how to assess their abilities realistically
2.We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students
A.know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammar
B.tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields
C.don’t view themselves as competent because they know their limits
D.don't know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgement
3.The strategies of becoming special suggest that .
A.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others
B.the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failure
C.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails
D.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special
4.Which can be the best title of this passage?
A.Tip On Making Ourselves More Special
B.Let’s Admit That We Are Not That Special
C.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out
D.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents
Two heads are better than one. After all, when trying to make decisions, it's good to have a second opinion. But what about a third, fourth — even twelfth? What group size is best for making decisions quickly? For ants, four to six heads surpass one ― and also outperform 12 or 24. That's what Sylvia Zamescu now reports.
The 18-year-old senior at Catalina Foothills High School in Tucson, Arizona isn't generally into ants. She's interested in decision-making, especially by people. Last summer, Sylvia read that social insects such as ants and bees can be used to model decision-making. Ants, for example, forage for food. When an ant finds it, it takes a bite and heads back to the nest. On the way; the ant leaves a scented trail for other ants to pick up. Back at the nest, the ant vomits up its meal into the mouth of other ants. Those nest-mates then decide with the first ant whether the food is good enough to deserve a trip back for more. If it is, they follow the first ant's scented trail to lunch.
When there are too few ants, it could take a long time for one ant to spread the word If there are too many, it's hard to “tell" each about the find. What's the right number for foraging success? Sylvia decided to find out. She contacted professors at the University of Arizona in Tucson to look for someone who would let her study decision-making by ants in their lab. Professor Wulfila Gronenberg answered her email.
Working with one of Wulfila's graduate students, Sylvia set up an experiment She tested the behavior of one, two, four, six, twelve and twenty-four ants. Each group was placed in a large box al taped "starting line". At the other end of the box were two bricks of sweetened gelatin （动物胶） one contained only 3 per cent sugar, and the other 30 per cent. Sylvia timed how long it took each group of ants to find the food. She also measured how much time they spent around each sweet treat.
When there were just one or two ants, the discovery was slow. The same was true when she set twelve or twenty-four ants loose. But four to six ants? Perfect! These medium-size groups found the food forest. They also figured out quickly that the sweeter food was better.
Similar work has been done on bighorn sheep, fish and fruit flies. "It may not be four to six animals, but it's the same principle," Sylvia says. A medium-size group "is optimal". So when faced with a new decision, two heads are better than one. But too many heads are too much. Like the ants, a good decision may just require a happy medium.
1.What gave Sylvia the idea for her research?
A.Her interest in social insects.
B.An article about social animals.
C.A university professor's invitation.
D.Her doubt about a science report.
2.What do we know about Sylvia's experiment?
A.She set it up with Professor Wulfila Gronenberg.
B.There were two large boxes at the "starting line".
C.There were several kinds of foods for the ants.
D.She divided the ants into six different groups.
3.What did Sylvia find out about ants?
A.They make decisions faster in medium-sized groups.
B.They are better at finding food in smaller groups.
C.They perform much more smartly in larger groups.
D.They make better decisions when working together.
The Best Way to See Singapore. See More for Less!
City Sightseeing
$33/A, S23/C, FREE/T
24 hrs of Unlimited Touring — 9 am to 6 pm
Duration: 1 Day （unlimited rides）
Attractions: Civic District Orchard Road, Botanic Gardens, Little India, Chinatown & along the City & Heritage routes
It is easy to enjoy Singapore with the City Sightseeing open-top touring system Spot an interesting place or sight? Simply hop off and walk around and you can continue the tour later by hopping on the. next bus. With I bus arriving every 20 minutes, the City Sightseeing system links you to major sights attractions and hotels!
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DUCK
S33/A, S23/C, S2/T
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Night Safari（旅行）
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* For More Information, call 6338-6826
Flyer
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Open HoursoursHow: Daily 9:00 am — 9:00 pm
Duration: 30 minutes
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* Free bus transfer free river transfer
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1.Mr Smith is going to lake his wife, his 13-year-old daughter and his 1-year-old son to visit Singapore at their own leisurely pace, he should get at least ready.
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C.$91 D.$101
2.If David and his 9-year-old son are both animal lovers, they had better dial for more information before their tour.
A.6338-6877 B.6338-6859
C.6338-3311 D.6338-6826
