Question

    Intelligence makes for better leaders —from undergraduates to managers to presidents — according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.

Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.

The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated （和......正相关）with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.

"It's an interesting and thoughtful paper,” says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research. “To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers,” he says. “The wrong interpretation would be, “Don’t hire high-IQ leaders.'"

The study’s lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people,”  Antonakis says, "is to speak in charming ways."

1.The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that .

A.followers think of their leaders to be less effective

B.their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectiveness

C.they are hard to get their schemes across to followers

D.their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture

2.Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities?

A. B.

C. D.

3.To improve their leadership, high-IQ leaders can.

A.interpret the work they are involved in

B.use inspiring and accessible language

C.take a course in leader effectiveness

D.communicate more with their followers

4.What could be the best title for the passage?

A.A way to success for high-IQ leaders

B.The latest research on intelligence

C.Choose to be a leader of low intelligence

D.Does a high IQ advance your leadership

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨的是高智商的领导和其领导力的关系。文章开头提出高智商对领导力有害，紧接着举例一些相关研究者做过的实验，阐述其观点和结论，说明了其背后的原因。指出高智商领导者应该用他们的智慧来使用创造性的语言，从而说服和激励他人，提高自身领导能力。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Decades ago Dean Simonton, a psychologist at the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to implement and followers might find it harder to relate to them. （几十年前，加州大学戴维斯分校的心理学家Dean Simonton提出，杰出领导者的话可能会被人们忽视，他们的解决方案可能实施起来更加复杂，追随者可能会发现很难与他们产生共鸣）可知高智商的人被认为是糟糕的领导者的原因可能是他们很难让追随者理解他们的计划。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中IQ positively correlated with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. （在一定程度上，智商与领导者的效率、战略形成、远见和其他几个特征的评分呈正相关。这些人的智商最高时约为120，比80%的上班族都要高。超过120，评分下降。）可知，智商与领导效能的关系为当智商评分小于120时，二者成正相关，当智商评分大于120时，二者成负相关。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others（瑞士洛桑大学的一位心理学家建议，领导者应该运用自己的聪明才智，使用创造性的语言来说服和激励他人）以及 ... the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence appropriately and still connect with the people is to speak in appealing ways（一个聪明的人能够恰当地表达他们的智慧并与人们保持联系的唯一方法就是用吸引人的方式说话） 可知高智商的领导者可以使用鼓舞人心和吸引人的语言来提高他们的领导力。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.（但一项关于领导力的新研究表明，在某种程度上，高智商不再有益，反而有害）以及文章主要内容围绕着探讨高智商的领导和其领导力的关系，可知D选项“高智商能提升你的领导能力吗”符合文章标题。故选D。