Question

One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive (感知、理解)you in an altogether different way.

One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.

These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment (怨恨)not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.

Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are. “If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits (特点)you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”

This gap arises from some quirks (习惯)of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.

Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping (歪曲)his ability to read others accurately.

Chances are that you "I'm kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your "I'm not at all hurt by what you just said" face. And the majority of times that you've said to yourself "I made my intentions clear," or “He knows what I meant," you didn't and he doesn't.

Passage outline	Supporting details
A primary problem	People's understanding; of your behavior often 1.your original intention.
Typical 2.	♦A colleague may feel you don't 3.him to work well when you offer generous help. ♦You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more effective when left 4.at office after work. ♦A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his 5.is on what she has cooked.
Explanations of the problem	♦ Most of the time, people don't 6.the problem. ♦ Your 7.of your traits is quite different from how others see you. ♦ Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear 8.of what is going on inside their minds. ♦ Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often 9.to make an accurate judgment.
Conclusion	♦ It is likely that there is a 10.between what you think you are and what others think you are.

Answer

1.contradicts

2.examples

3.trust

4.alone

5.attention/focus/concentration/mind

6.realize

7.description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension

8.communication

9.fails

10.gap/distance/difference/distinction

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章指出一个人所要传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的差异，文章运用了三个事例来说明这一情况，并分析了这一问题产生的原因。最后指出你认为自己是什么样的人和别人认为你是什么样的人之间很可能存在差距。

1.考查动词时态。根据第一段One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive you in an altogether different way.（作为一个人，最主要的问题之一就是:尽管你试图以一种特定的方式让别人认识你，但人们通常会以一种完全不同的方式来看待你）可知人们对你的看法和你对你自己的看法是矛盾的不一样的，故此处需要填动词contradict“与……矛盾”，且主语为People's understanding of your behavior，结合often可知应用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填contradicts。

2.考查名词。根据表格的另一端colleague和wife等都是举出的论证事例，可知右边主要为典型案例“typical examples”。故填examples。

3.考查动词。根据第二段中One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.（例如，一个人可能会认为，向同事提供帮助会给人留下慷慨大方的印象。但她的同事可能会将她的提议解读为对他的能力缺乏信心）可知当你提供慷慨的帮助时，同事可能会觉得你不“信任（trust）”他。结合上文don’t可知应填动词原形，故填trust。

4.考查副词。根据第二段最后一句But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.（但这并不是他作息时间奇怪的原因;他只是在办公室不太拥挤的时候工作得最好）可知你认为你的同事工作过度，但他相信下班后“独自（alone）”留在办公室会更有效率。故填alone。

5.考查名词。根据第三段最后一句He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.（他在晚餐时盯着自己的盘子，而她在讲故事，她以为他不在乎她说什么，而实际上他是在欣赏她做的美食）可知一个妻子可能会对她的丈夫在吃饭时心不在焉感到生气，但实际上他的注意力是在她煮的东西上。故填attention/focus/concentration/mind。

6.考查动词。根据第四段第一句Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are.（霍尔沃森说，大多数时候，人们并没有意识到他们所遇到的情况并不是他们所想的那样）可知大多数时候，人们没有“意识到（realize）”这个问题。根据上文don’t可知应填动词原形。故填realize。

7.考查名词。根据第四段中“If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”（“如果我问你，”霍尔沃森告诉我，“你如何看待你自己——你会说你的哪些特质描述了你——我问一个很了解你的人，列出你的特质，你会发现别人如何看待我们和我们如何看待自己之间有很大的差距。”）可知你对自己特点的描述和别人对你的看法很不一样。故填description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension。

8.考查名词。根据第五段中Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.（大多数人都遭受着心理学家所说的“透明错觉”的折磨——他们相信自己的感觉、欲望和意图对别人来说都是一清二楚的，尽管他们在清楚地表达自己的想法方面做得很少）可知大多数人认为别人很了解自己，因此，他们往往忽略了他们头脑中正在发生的事情的清晰“沟通（communication）”。故填communication。

9.考查动词时态。根据第六段中Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.（因为被感知者假设他们是透明的，他们可能不会花时间或精力尽可能清晰和坦率地表达他们的意图或情绪状态，给感知者很少的信息来做出准确的判断。）可知如果没有足够的信息，感知者往往无法做出准确的判断。短语fail to “不能”，且本句主语为the perceiver，根据often可知为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填fails。

10.考查名词。根据第一段出现的in an altogether different way以及最后一段中出现了you don’t and he doesn’t可知你所传达的信息和接受者接受到的信息存在着巨大的“差异”，故填gap/distance/difference/distinction。