Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.
The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy （ CBT） and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.
Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy（治疗）for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized（随机的）control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants（抗抑郁药）.
After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.
“It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists, says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of
primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. ”
Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world," Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable (脆弱的),you're even more in need of a caring human being," he says.
1.Why has online CBT programs been increasingly popular?
A.Because of their effectiveness in fighting depression.
B.Because of their easy and inexpensive access by patients.
C.Because of their recommendation by primary care doctors.
D.Because of their attraction of changing mood and behavior.
2.What is the conclusion of the experiment done by researchers at the University of York?
A.Online CBT programs are as ineffective as regular care from physicians.
B.The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.
C.The online programs are more advanced than regular care from physicians.
D.Online CBT programs have no advantages over regular care from physicians.
3.Which of the following statement can best convey Professor Dowrick's advice on online programs?
A.Their use should be encouraged by doctors.
B.They should not be ignored in primary care.
C.Their effectiveness should not be overestimated(高估).
D.They should be used to help people touch these patients.
4.What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?
A.A positive state of mind. B.An appropriate therapy.
C.An advanced CBT program. D.A caring human being.
I once heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true—though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. The country is India. A colonial殖民地的official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — army officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist.
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says women have long outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era（时代、年代）3nd an army officer who says they haven’t. “A woman’s reaction in any crisis," the officer says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. ”
The American scientist does not join in the argument but sits and watches the faces of the other guests. As he stares, he sees a slight strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She gestures to the servant standing behind her chair and whispers to him. The servant's eyes widen. He turns quickly and leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the servant place a bowl of milk on the balcony just outside the open glass doors.
The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing: bait （诱饵）for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. The American’s eyes move across the room but he sees nothing. He realizes the snake can only be in one place—under the table.
His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so arresting that it
quietens everyone. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred—that's five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Now, ready!”
The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "... two hundred and eighty. . . ” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam the balcony doors.
“There is your proof!" the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us perfect self-control. ”
“Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess, “How did you know that cobra was in the room?"
With a faint smile coming across her face she replies: "Because it was lying across my foot. ”
1.From the passage we can conclude that .
A.women are afraid of mice
B.the army officer's opinion is quite wrong
C.the American suggests playing a game for entertainment
D.the hostess has had previous experience addressing snakes
2.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
a. The American's eyes sweep the room but he sees nothing.
b. The American suggests the guests playing a game.
c. Following the instructions, the servant puts out some milk.
d. The hostess is staring ahead, a slight weird look appearing.
e. The American shuts the balcony doors safely, and several screams are let out.
f. The snake edges its way to the bowl of milk.
A.d,c,a,b,f,e B.a,b,c,e,f,d
C.d,f,a,b,e,c D.f,e,c,a,d,b
3.Who has real self-control according to the passage?
A.The American. B.The army officer.
C.The girl. D.The hostess.
4.What may be the best title for the passage?
A.A Heated Argument B.A Striking Dinner Party
C.An Unbelievable Story D.A Smart Hostess
The BBC Documentary is divided into three categories: BBC Nature, BBC History and BBC Technology. For documentary lovers, it’s a great pleasure in life to enjoy the BBC Documentary with a wide range of subjects and excellent productions, whose super wonderful pictures are also a masterpiece of photography.
Nile 2004
The Nile, the longest river on the earth, spreads through jungles, and finally into the desert. Ancient Egyptians believed that the river had magic power. This documentary will uncover its mystery—a magnificent territory, which is full of rare animals and extends to the most desolate corners of Africa.
Hiroshima 2005
It was an important moment in the 20th century when an atomic bomb was launched into Hiroshima, Japan and it was also a scientific, technological, military and political adventure. This documentary, where we can see the Hiroshima street at the moment of disaster, tries to show us the real history and what life is like for the Japanese people who have experienced the atomic bombing.
Time Machine 2006
Some creatures have to make long-term evolutionary plans in order to survive, but can any creatures live forever? People shorten the growth period of rice regardless of the weather condition, and the modern transportation enables us to reach further areas at a faster speed. But can humans really turn around time? The time machine will introduce scientists' current research on a bug and find out the key to long life.
Super Volcano 2005
Yellowstone National Park, in fact, where the underground magma is ready to move, is one of the largest craters in the United States. With scientific evidence, reliable prediction and solid research by top geologists, the super volcano eruption is presented to the audience in a dramatic way.
1.If you are interested in history, which documentary will suit you well?
A.Nile B.Hiroshima
C.Time Machine D.Super Volcano
2.What can we learn from Time Machine?
A.People can turn around time by a time machine.
B.People have found a bug which can live a long life.
C.People now can travel faster and further in the world.
D.Rice now needs less time to grow according to the climate.
3.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Hiroshima suffered from a disaster caused by atomic bombing.
B.The Nile spreads into the desert with magic power.
C.Yellowstone National Park is about to erupt.
D.The BBC Documentary is popular only because of its wide range of subjects.
阅读下面的材料，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Traditional Chinese medicine, practiced for thousands of years, is having trouble maintaining traction in many parts of the country, said the president of a TCM hospital in Henan province.
“I have visited many counties across the country and found many of them do not have a single TCM hospital," said Pang Guoming of Kaifeng Hospital of TCM in Kaifeng. "In some counties, TCM hospitals use the old buildings of other hospitals, which have moved to bigger and new buildings."
"TCM is a unique health resource for China, and more effort should be made to promote it so it plays a bigger part in universal healthcare."
The development of TCM is expected to accelerate, with a guideline recently approved by the top leadership aimed at promoting innovation and the passing on of TCM knowledge.
Equal importance should be given to the development of TCM and Western medicine to promote their complementary （互补的）nature, said the guideline. More efforts should be made to improve the TCM service system, promote high-quality development of the TCM industry and boost TCM talent building, it said.
A widely known example is Tu Youyou, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of the artemisinin. Tu and her Chinese colleagues gained the insight that led to their discovery while reading a TCM prescription book that was more than 1,600 years old.
［写作内容］
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你对中国传统医学的看法，并说明理由。
［写作要求］
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
［评分标准］
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive (感知、理解)you in an altogether different way.
One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that's not why he's keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.
These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment (怨恨)not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she's telling a story and she assumes he doesn't care about what she's saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.
Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don't realize they are not coming across the way they think they are. “If I ask you," Halvorson told me, "about how you see yourself—what traits (特点)you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there's a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”
This gap arises from some quirks (习惯)of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call "the transparency illusion"—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.
Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping (歪曲)his ability to read others accurately.
Chances are that you "I'm kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your "I'm not at all hurt by what you just said" face. And the majority of times that you've said to yourself "I made my intentions clear," or “He knows what I meant," you didn't and he doesn't.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
A primary problem | People's understanding; of your behavior often 1.your original intention. |
Typical 2. | ♦A colleague may feel you don't 3.him to work well when you offer generous help. ♦You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more effective when left 4.at office after work. ♦A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his 5.is on what she has cooked. |
Explanations of the problem | ♦ Most of the time, people don't 6.the problem. ♦ Your 7.of your traits is quite different from how others see you. ♦ Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear 8.of what is going on inside their minds. ♦ Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often 9.to make an accurate judgment. |
Conclusion | ♦ It is likely that there is a 10.between what you think you are and what others think you are. |
I was having breakfast, when "OUCH!" I screamed. “Why do you pinch （捏）me?”
"You're not wearing green/' said my little brother; Tex. “Everyone knows you get pinched if you don’t wear green on Saint Patrick's Day!"
I was mostly mad about getting pinched, but also a tiny bit glad about being reminded that it was Saint Patrick's Day.
I panicked. "What am I going to do? I don't have time to change. I'll get pinched all day long!" "Well,", Tex said, taking the old green baseball hat off his head, "you could borrow my lucky hat.”
"But it's your favorite!" I said.
"I know,” said Tex. "Just promise to give it back after school."
"No problem," I said, glancing in the mirror on my way out the door. "I look like a fool in this thing !"
"A lucky fool.” said Tex.
"Hum." I grabbed my backpack. "Thanks, I think?'
Now, before I go on, you should know that I'm not a superstitious （迷信的）person. I don't believe that thirteen is an unlucky number or that breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck.
Anyway, I was racing to catch the school bus, and I saw a dollar on the sidewalk! I looked around to see if anyone was looking for it, but people just kept stepping on the poor thing, so I decided to rescue it. I had found pennies before, but never a dollar!
My luck didn't stop there. Carlos and Jackson were sitting behind me, quizzing each other on spelling words.
I turned around and said, "You guys know that test isn't till tomorrow right?"
"It got switched to this morning," said Jacsksn. "Remember?"
"That's right. I totally forgot!" I said. "I'm so lucky that I sat in front of you. If I hadn't, I wouldn't have found out till it was too late!” I got out my spelling words, studied all the way to school. And ended up getting a good mark in the test!
The minute I got home, I gave Tex a big hug.
“This is the luckiest hat in the world,” I said. "I'm never taking it off!
"But you promised to give it back!" said Tex.
"Please—oh—please let me borrow your lucky hat for one more day!" I begged.
"Tomorrow I'm auditioning （试演）for the school play, and I need every bit of help I can get.” "OK," said Tex. “One more day. But you'd better be really nice to me."
"I will," I agreed. "In fact, here you have my lucky dollar!” Tex cried with joy, then started dancing around and waving his gift in the air.
The next day turned out to be super lucky. My audition couldn't have gone better.
"Wow, Arizona!" said my friend Mareya. "I can't believe how amazingly you just did! You are so getting a major part in this play!"
"Thanks! But honestly. the only reason I did OK is because I had my lucky hat.”
"What lucky hat?” asked Mareya.
“This one,” I said, reaching into my backpack, where I thought I'd put Tex's hat since I couldn't
wear it for the audition. But it wasn't there! " Oh no!" I cried. "It's gone! What am I going to tell Tex?”
Mareya helped me look for it. Luckily, we found Tex's hat in my locker. Also luckily. I discovered that I could be lucky with or without a goofy-looking hat.
"So it wasn't the hat," said Mareya. "This is just a wild guess, but maybe it was all those hours you spent practicing over the past month.”
"Hmm,” I said. “It's possible.”
So, dear friend, I guess you could say that luck is a combination of being prepared, believing in yourself... and maybe just a tiny bit of magic! In other words, luck may come your way, but you have to be ready for it when it does!
1.What can we infer from what the writer said "I look like a fool in this thing"?
A.She thought she became a fool when wearing the hat.
B.She didn't like to wear the green baseball hat.
C.She didn’t believe the hat would bring her a good luck.
D.She thought she was foolish to put on the green hat.
2.What did the writer think of her behavior of picking up a dollar?
A.It was a shameful behavior. B.It was an individual behavior.
C.It was a moral behavior. D.It was a fortunate behavior.
3.When was the writer reminded of the test?
A.On the school bus. B.A few minutes before the test.
C.In the classroom. D.When the quiz began.
4.Which of the following statement is CORRECT?
A.The writer begged Tex to give the hat to her.
B.The writer's audition was quite successful.
C.The writer bought a present for her brother.
D.The writer got the major part in the play.
5.What does the underlined word "goofy-looking" most probably mean?
A.Good-looking. B.Lucky-looking.
C.Foolish-looking. D.Cool-looking.
6.At the end of the story, the writer realized that " "
A.an ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom
B.bad luck always comes in threes
C.behind bad luck comes good luck
D.opportunities are only given to those who are well-prepared
