How to keep screens from ruining your vision
Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high-intensity blue light damages retinal (视网膜的) cells in mice. But epidemiological (流行病学的) studies on real people tell a different story.
So,1.Human eyes are different from rodent (啮齿动物) eyes. We have protective elements, such as macular pigments and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶状体).2. Just because blue light isn’t harming your retina doesn’t mean your electronic devices are harmless. Because of its wavelength, blue light does disrupt healthy sleep physiology. Mounting evidence suggests that3.It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye-movement sleep, dulls focus, and diminishes brain activity the next day.
4. First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness. Second, follow the “20-20-20” rule. The American Optometric Association defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance. This will allow your eyes to blink and relax. Third,5. This way will reinforce the body’s natural tears and keep the eye’s surface hydrated.
A. why does it damage our human retinal cells?
B. These structures absorb blue light before it reaches the delicate retina.
C. why is there difference between blue light’s effects on rodent eyes and human eyes?
D. screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall asleep.
E. There are ways to make your screen viewing more comfortable and more conducive to sleep.
F. use lubricating eye drops before extended computer use.
G. we should decrease screen time before bed.
Heart disease is one of the major killers in the world today. Many who suffer from it must have heart transplants. However, it’s difficult to get a suitable heart donation, and even if a patient survives the wait, his or her body often rejects the heart.
But there is now new hope for sufferers of heart disease. According to a study published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers from Israel’s Tel Aviv University printed a 3D human heart on April 15.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” professor Tal Dvir told CNN. Unlike the previous 3D-printed heart structure, the new heart is complete with cells, blood vessels, chambers and other structures a heart needs to function normally. But scientists still have more to figure out before the 3D-printed heart can be fitted into the body. For one thing, the experimental heart is only the size of a thumb. And, although it can contract like a muscle, it cannot pump out blood like a real one. At present, the heart prototype is like a tiny airplane that has all of the right parts, but can’t fly.
However, the development is still regarded as a major breakthrough in medicine.
In the experiment, the researchers turned human fat tissue into human heart tissue with stem cell technology. The tissue was then turned into “bio-ink” for a 3D printer to ensure that tissue in the heart came from the patients themselves. So ideally, if it were to be placed in the body of someone in need of a transplant, there would be less risk of organ rejection. “Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medications to prevent their rejection,” researchers told USA Today. “Instead, the needed heart will be printed, fully personalized for every patient.”
But the scientists think that 3D printing can be used to create other human organs. They foresee a time when the 3D printing of organs will be an everyday medical practice. “Maybe, in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.
1.Why do scientists have to do further research before fitting the 3D-printed heart into the body?
A.Because the heart is incomplete.
B.Because the heart can’t pump out blood.
C.Because the heart is an airplane that can’t fly.
D.Because the heart can’t contract like a muscle.
2.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A.The needed heart will be printed to meet every patient’s need.
B.The 3D printing of organs will be an unusual medical practice.
C.Dvir has a negative attitude towards the future of organ printers.
D.Patients will need medicines to stop their rejection for their heart transplant.
3.What can serve as the best title for the passage?
A.Organ printers in the hospitals.
B.How to get a suitable heart donation.
C.Heart disease: one of the major killers.
D.A 3D-printed heart: new hope for heart disease sufferers.
From Mozart to Metallica, tons of people enjoy listening to various types of music while they paint, write, or draw. Many believe that music helps boost creativity, but an international study conducted by English and Swedish researchers is challenging that belief. Their findings indicate music actually stymies creativity.
To come to their conclusions, researchers had participants complete verbal insight problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room, and then again while music played in the background. They found that background music “significantly damaged” the participants’ ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity. The research team also tested background noises such as those commonly heard in a library, but found that such noises had no impact on subjects’ creativity. The tasks were simple word games. For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower. Then, they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be “sun” (sundress, sunflower, etc). Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or while exposed to three different types of music; music with unfamiliar lyrics, instrumental music, or music with familiar lyrics.
“We found strong evidence of damaged performance when playing background music in comparison to quiet background conditions,” says co-author Dr. Neil McLatchie of Lancaster University.
Dr. McLatchie and his colleagues theorize that music interferes with the verbal working memory processes of the brain, blocking creativity. Also, as far as the library background noises having seemingly no effect, the study’s authors believe that was the case because library noises create a “steady state” environment that doesn’t disrupt concentration. It’s worth mentioning that even familiar music with well known lyrics damaged participants’ creativity, regardless of whether or not it caused a positive reaction, or whether participants typically studied or created while listening to music.
“To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music strengthens creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of semantic (语义的) content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics), consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving,” the study reads.
1.Why are Mozart and Metallica mentioned at the beginning?
A.To prove they are very creative. B.To introduce the topic of the text.
C.To show the importance of music. D.To offer some background information.
2.What does the underlined word “stymies” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A.Blocks. B.Boosts.
C.Inspires. D.Strengthens.
3.If the participants were given the words fire, place and book during the game, a proper answer could be .
A.man B.store
C.work D.birth
4.What do we know about the study?
A.The tasks were very difficult for participants to finish.
B.All participants were exposed to two different types of music.
C.Music with famous lyrics didn’t harm participants’ creativity.
D.Library background noises hardly affected participants’ creativity.
Back in 2012, Dylan Mayer was 19 years old. He was a few years into a new passion: scuba (水肺) diving. He says spending time under water is like visiting an alien planet full of strange creatures.
Dylan grew up in Maple Valley Washington, just outside of the liberal blue bubble of Seattle. Dylan learned young how to hunt and do farm work. On October 31, 2012, he decided to marry his love of scuba diving with his desire to be self-sufficient and harvest his own food. That gray morning, the goal was to pull a giant pacific octopus from its den, wrestle it to the surface and take it home for dinner.
He and a friend headed to the popular dive site at Cove 2 in West Seattle. With his bare hands, Dylan caught an 80-pound cephalopod (头足类动物). “The key is to stay calm. Once you start to panic, you’ll drown,” said Dylan, recalling his 45-minute hand-to-tentacle (触须) battle with the octopus.
But when he hauled it out of the water, people nearby didn’t look very happy. Dylan and his dive partner threw the octopus in the back of their truck and quickly left the scene.
Even though what Dylan did was perfectly legal and even though octopus is on restaurant menus all over the Northwest, the taking of this particular octopus touched a nerve. Adult members of the diving community that Dylan was so excited to be a part of not only roundly rejected him, but also threatened to kill him and his family. However, one diver from the Cove 2 community rose above the criticism to guide this young diver.
1.What did Dylan Mayer decide to do on October 31, 2012?
A.To get married. B.To grow his own food.
C.To support himself by diving. D.To pull a giant pacific octopus.
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Dylan went to Cove 2 alone.
B.Dylan spent 54 minutes catching the octopus.
C.Dylan attached great importance to keeping calm.
D.Dylan caught a cephalopod with some equipment.
3.What were people’s reactions to Dylan’s taking of the octopus?
A.Not all people liked it.
B.People nearby were very satisfied.
C.Adult members of the diving community were very excited.
D.Nobody liked it because they thought it was against the law.
Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below.
Angela wants to write a letter to a travel agency asking for help in arranging a one-week family trip to Shanghai. Help her write a letter to the travel agency.
Angela 给某旅行社写信，想要旅行社为其一家安排去上海进行为期一周的旅行。请帮她完成这封信，具体询问旅行的住宿，饮食以及景点的安排等。
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Translations
1.长时间盯着陌生人看被认为是不礼貌的。(consider)
2.缺少自信使他没有给面试的考官们留下好的印象。(lack)
3.坐火车去西藏，不然你看不到沿途那些伟大的建筑了。(or)
4.专家建议青少年不要过度使用耳机，因为那会损伤大脑和耳朵。(overuse)
