Question

    Mohandas Gandhi, widely considered the father of his country, was the most important Indian political and spiritual leader of the 20th century.

Gandhi was born into a middle-class Hindu family. In 1888, he traveled to England for further education. After graduation, he became a lawyer. At the age of 23, Gandhi worked for an Indian company offering guidance on legal problems in South Africa, where like many other Indians, he was treated unfairly. So he devoted himself to the fight for equal rights. He founded a community against European rulers and developed a political movement based on the methods of non-violent civil disobedience (非暴力不合作),which he called “satyagraha”.

In 1915, Gandhi returned to India and helped settle many local arguments, thus winning lots of respect throughout the country. India’s most well-known writer, Rabindranath Tagore, gave Gandhi the title Mahatma (“Great Soul”). Gandhi himself, however, refused the honor even though within the Hindu culture, being called “Mahatma” is a symbol of great respect. From 1920-1922, he led a national “non-cooperation movement” calling upon Indians to stop cooperating with the British and become independent.

After World War Ⅱ,Gandhi was involved in the deliberations (审议)that led to India’s independence. The same deliberations, however, also led to the separation of India into two countries: modern-day India (primarily for Hindus) and Pakistan (for Muslims). On January 30,1948, Gandhi was murdered at the age of 78. The killer hated Gandhi for the separation of the country.

Gandhi believed in the unity of all mankind under one god. He viewed life as a very long series of small steps towards his goals. By the time he died, India had finally become an independent country, free of British rule. Gandhi is remembered as a political leader, whose methods were later followed by many political leaders around the world. Gandhi is also remembered for his belief and practice to seek the true kindness of mankind. As such, he changed the world.

1.Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

2.How did Gandhi lead the Indian people to win the independence?

A.By answering violence with violence.

B.By keeping a close relationship with the British.

C.By asking for more support from Britain.

D.By fighting against the British rule in a peaceful way.

3.What was Gandhi’s attitude towards the title Mahatma?

A.He himself thought highly of the title.

B.He considered the title a symbol of power.

C.He wasn’t willing to accept the honor.

D.He enjoyed the honor he deserved.

4.What might be the best title for the passage?

A.The Fight for Equal Rights B.The Road to Independence

C.A Man of Great Soul D.A Deadly Deliberation

Answer

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.C

【解析】

本文是记叙文。文章讲述了甘地不平凡的一生，高度评价了他对印度独立所做出的贡献以及对世界的影响。

1.推理判断题。第一段“Mohandas Gandhi, widely considered the father of his country, was the most important Indian political and spiritual leader of the 20th century.”（Mohandas Gandhi被广泛认为是印度国父，是20世纪最重要的印度政治和精神领袖。）高度评价了Gandhi一生；第二段、第三段和第四段详细介绍了Gandhi 的一生：出生的家庭情况、教育背景，工作经历，在人权平等方面做的努力和贡献，领导非暴力不合作政治运动对抗英国殖民统治争取独立，直到最后被刺杀，可以推断二、三、四段是按照时间顺序对Gandhi一生的详细介绍；根据第五段“... By the time he died, India had finally become an independent country, free of British rule. Gandhi is remembered as a political leader, whose methods were later followed by many political leaders around the world. Gandhi is also remembered for his belief and practice to seek the true kindness of mankind. As such, he changed the world.”（ 到他去世时，印度终于成为一个独立的国家，摆脱了英国的统治。甘地作为一个政治领袖而被人们铭记，他的方法后来被世界上许多政治领袖所采用。甘地也因他的信仰和寻求人类的真正仁慈的实践而被铭记。因此，他改变了世界。）可知，这最后一段是对甘地一生的总结性评价，以及他对印度以及世界的巨大影响。可推断整篇文章是总-分-总。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一句“He founded a community against European rulers and developed a political movement based on the methods of non-violent civil disobedience (非暴力不合作)...” 他建立了一个反对欧洲统治者的共同体，并发展了以非暴力不合作方法为基础的政治运动，和第三段倒数第一句“From 1920-1922, he led a national “non-cooperation movement” calling upon Indians to stop cooperating with the British and become independent.”（ 从1920年到1922年，他领导了一场全国性的“不合作运动”，号召印度人停止与英国人合作，并独立。）可以判断，甘地领导印度人民以和平方式反对英国的统治，赢得独立。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“India’s most well-known writer, Rabindranath Tagore, gave Gandhi the title Mahatma (“Great Soul”). Gandhi himself, however, refused the honor...”(印度最著名的作家泰戈尔给甘地一个称号“圣雄”。然而甘地本人却拒绝了......)，可知，甘地对“圣雄”这一头衔的态度：他不愿意接受这一荣誉。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Mohandas Gandhi, widely considered the father of his country, was the most important Indian political and spiritual leader of the 20th century.（Mohandas Gandhi被广泛认为是印度国父，是20世纪最重要的印度政治和精神领袖。）”第三段中的“India’s most well-known writer, Rabindranath Tagore, gave Gandhi the title Mahatma (“Great Soul”). ... within the Hindu culture, being called “Mahatma” is a symbol of great respect.”(印度最著名的作家泰戈尔给甘地一个称号“圣雄”。......在印度教文化中，被称为“圣雄”是非常令人尊敬的象征。)可知，在印度文化里“Mahatma ”（圣雄）是非常令人尊敬的象征，“圣雄”是对甘地对印度所做贡献的最高评价，这里“Mahatma ”翻译成英文是“Great Soul”，“A Man of Great Soul”（伟大灵魂的人）切题，故选C。